The Seven Standards of Textuality in Linguistics
Cohesion
The function of syntax. The surface text in active storage.
Closely-Knit Patterns
- Phrase, clause, and sentence
- Augmented transition networks
- Grammatical dependencies
- Rules as procedures
- Micro-states and macro-states
- Hold stack
Re-using Patterns
- Recurrence
- Partial recurrence
- Parallelism
- Paraphrase
Compacting Patterns
- Pro-forms
- Anaphora and cataphora
- Ellipsis
- Trade-off between compactness and clarity
Signaling Relations
- Tense and aspect
- Updating
- Junction: conjunction, disjunction, contrajunction, and subordination
- Modality
Other Factors
- Functional sentence perspective
- Intonation
Coherence
Meaning versus sense. Non-determinacy, ambiguity, and polyvalence. Continuity of senses. Textual worlds.
Concepts and Processing
- Concepts and relations
- Strength of linkage: determinate, typical, and accidental knowledge
- Decomposition
- Procedural semantics
- Activation, chunks, global patterns, and spreading activation
- Episodic and semantic memory
- Economy
- Inferencing
- The world-knowledge correlate
- Reference
Models and Frameworks
- Frames, schemas, plans, and scripts
- Inheritance
- Primary and secondary concepts
- Operators
- Building a text-world model
Intentionality
- Reduced cohesion
- Reduced coherence
- The notion of intention across the disciplines
- Speech act theory
- Performatives
- Grice’s conversational maxims: cooperation, quantity, quality, relation, and manner
- The notions of action and discourse action
- Plans and goals
- Scripts
- Interactive planning
- Monitoring and mediation
Acceptability
- Judging sentences
- Relationships between acceptability and grammaticality
- Acceptance of plans and goals
Informativity
Attention. Information theory. The Markov chain. Statistical versus contextual probability.
Levels and Processing
- Three orders of informativity
- Triviality, defaults, and preferences
- Upgrading and downgrading
- Discontinuities and discrepancies
- Motivation search
- Directionality
- Strength of linkage
- Removal and restoration of stability
- Negation
- Definiteness
Classifying Expectations
- The real world
- Facts and beliefs
- Normal ordering strategies
- The organization of language
- Surface formatting
- Text types
- Immediate context
Advanced Concepts
- A newspaper article and a sonnet
- Expectations on multiple levels
- Motivations of non-expectedness
Situationality
Situation models. Mediation and evidence.
Core Concepts
- Monitoring versus managing
- Dominances
- Noticing
- Normal ordering strategies
- Frequency
- Salience
- Negotiation
- Exophora
Planning and Management
- Managing
- Plans and scripts
- Planboxes and planbox escalation
- A trade-off between efficiency and effectiveness
- Strategies for monitoring and managing a situation
Intertextuality
Text types versus linguistic typology.
Functional Definitions of Text Types
- Descriptive, narrative, and argumentative texts
- Literary and poetic texts
- Scientific and didactic texts
Discourse and Conversation
- Using and referring to well-known texts
- The organization of conversation
- Problems and variables
- Monitoring and managing
- Reichman’s coherence relations
- Discourse-world models
Recalling Textual Content
- Effects of the schema
- Trace abstraction, construction, and reconstruction
- Inferencing and spreading activation
- Mental imagery and scenes
- Interactions between text-presented knowledge and stored world-knowledge
- Textuality in recall experiments