The Second Spanish Republic: From Monarchy to Civil War
2 REP: Berenguer seems not to want to call an election while the opposition to dictatorship will be organized w / sign the Pact of San Sebastian in the q organize a military coup. This statement is called w / the December 15, 1930 and will be directed x Queipo de Llano and Ramon Franco. But before this statement are forward Jaca garrison in q will give a short statement prepared and spontaneous q x as easily controlled the government and shoots several participants. The government realizes the statement q is being organized (San Sebastian) x as q and will try to stop imprisoning organizers. Is removed and replaced Berenguer Aznar x q going to conduct a trial of members of the revolutionary committee (organizers of the Revolutionary of San Sebastian) to bring them punishment q very soft, turning his trial into a propaganda w / the Rep, as q going to shock the press monarchy.
On April 12, 1931 Aznar will convene the municipal elections. These elections became a plebiscite (referendum in the q asks people if they want something or not) q q released most of the population did not want the King. The entire issued AOPs q monarchists won but in the CDs where the vote was + prepared the Republicans won. When q was not the King wished there were many protests in the streets. Q Berenger now was the military leader and King suggested to draw the troops into the streets w / Attacking the riots but opposed Berenguer. After Ramones (military policy) convinced the King p / q is outside of Spain it was impossible to maintain the monarchy. On April 14, 1931 in the city of Eibar Rep was proclaimed in February and throughout the day + council proclaimed the Rep, in Catalonia is Catalan proclaim Rep. That same day the king went into exile. From this moment is going to run the interim government will be formed q x q signed the Pact of San Sebastian, among the q was Alcala Zamora of the Republican right; Azana of the Republican Left, Casares Quiroga Galician nationalists; Lerroux of radicals and Largo Caballero’s PSOE. The government called immedi: general amnesty ** p / political prisoners; **
land reform, military and educational; ** autonomy reform. *** LAND REFORM: It was the + important. Q establishing workers’ employers must the municipality. It sets a minimum wage and working hours of 8hrs. Obligatory cultivation was established, ie an obligation to cultivate all those lands are suitable p q / it. *** MILITARY REFORM: P / alienate the military from power, senior deleted xq q is considered there are many q’s promotions were also irregular. P / q entering the military is not the policy proposed to the anti-Rep q to leave the army and give them full pay although this proposal hardly anyone accept it. *** EDUCATION REFORM: It creates many jobs and schools w / teachers. Will also pled p / asignatira submit or not religion. D *** Autonomy Reform: The proclamation of the Catalan Republic, a serious problem as q x provisional government business with Catalan politicians and q is agreed and annulled the Catalan Rep. Consederia they change formation an autonomous government (Generalitat ).-.- In June 1931 general elections were held in the q right-wing parties decided not to participate and anarchists speak of abstention. The vote was close to 70% and won the elections, the Republican-Socialist coalition. These elections were to form the courts and once formed are preocedio to approval for a new **** Cont CONT. 1931 defines Spain as a Rep of workers from all walks of q is organized in a system of freedom and Justice ** He had a democratic and progressive.Popular sovereignty is established (all powers emanate from the people). *** The government is comprehensive, but it is possible to establish self-government. *** There is a strict division of powers. Legislative power is vested in the courts q are unicameral. Executive power is vested in the government formed x the Bandstand. The Chief Executive is the head of Edo and is a symbolic figure, the term is for six years. The judicial power vested in the independent judges and studies. *** It contains a comprehensive bill of rights and freedoms x eg. The right of association, freedom of press, right to private property but the government has the power p / expropriate with compensation. *** It guarantees equality before the law and with it the Universal Suffrage, x 1 x time women vote that there were many discussions and a leftist opponents were the q xq believed women were strongly influenced the church x q x as its vote would p / x rights conservative character. *** Not declared any official religion and no freedom of worship. *** The budget of worship and clergy were deleted and also forbids the church to participate in politics, education and any economic or commercial activity. Approving the civil jurisdiction of the cemeteries q previously relied on the church. *** The possibility of civil marriage and divorce. *** The approval of religious art was the head of Edo q Miguel Azana resign and was Alcala Zamora sustitudo x q later President of government. **** Reformism biennium (1931-1933) q reforms have already been raised Séranne extended. *** LAND REFORM: Now allows the expropriation without compensation of land cultivated and q are not suitable p / it, while those grown poorly q can be expropriated but with compensation. Poorly understood as those devoted to rainfed cultivation. The expropriated land will be given to the peasants p / q they cultivate them. Lack of budget and the opposition of owners q joined the National Association of Owners pressured the gov p q / stop these actions. The govt created a Land Reform Institute p / responsible for making these reforms. *** MILITARY REFORM: It follows the budget of the army and now p / are requested to enter the studies and tmb p / up the post. *** EDUCATION REFORM: It provides an education as it is today. Compulsory mixed, secular and free in the Edo q is the guarantor of the right to education. Now education belongs to the q x Edo is deleted asignatira of religion and prohibits religious congregations q providing education. The church reacted to this action q forbidding Catholics to enroll their children in public schools. *** LABOR REFORM: Largo Caballero was the initiator of labor reform. Are posed by rising wages and reduced working time. There is a right to collective bargaining in the q workers and employers meet once a year w / regular agreements. This upset q employers opposed halting some projects between the q was the participation of workers in enterprises. *** The reformist biennium was a period of continuing tensions due to economic crisis, the aspirations of workers and employers q are many and are going to get a few encouraging the protests. There is also continuing tensions x q political rivalry is increasingly strong xq + the + left are becoming revolutionary and conservative right every time +. In 1932, Sanjurjo (conservative) to attempt a coup d’Edo aim was to make a Rep + conservative, but not successful and was sentenced to death but later commuted the sentence *** P / oppose the government right-wing groups organized in nine games. ** CEDA (Spanish Confederation of Autonomous Dedechas) is a conservative, Catholic party, whose leader was Gil Robles was greatly feared q xq had confessed admirer of Hitler.*** Spanish Renewal: It was a monarchist party q x I wanted to end the Rep, Their leader was Calvo Sotelo. ** Fe de las JONS (Juntas de Offense National Union): It was a very violent fascist party led x José Antonio Primo de Rivera. Q It was a minority party had a presence in the universities. BIENNIUM **** RIGHT (1933-1935). Due to ongoing tensions Rep. President Alcala Zamora of the closes the courts and calls new elections gaining rights. Zamora consedio the formation of the Radical Party led Gov. Lerroux q x had the support of the CEDA. The one measure of this government was to remove q reforms had been made during the biennium reform. Land reform: a halt the expropriations and the expropriated land were returned to their former owners. Was discontinued consedio minimum wage and freedom of contract. With the biennium reform sought to remove the military from power, but now with the coming biennium the military right to power and put in key positions to conservative military. The church returns to its role in teaching and the government approves the budget of the cult of the clergy. By obstructing the reforms, many opposed to the Govt. Long gentleman proposed to leave to work with Gov. Fostering a social revolution. This CEDA offers p / work directly with the Govt. Given that unions threaten to strike if the CEDA general came to power. Q accepts Lerroux CEDA into power. This made the left q general strike had an impact only in some places: In Asturias there was an attempted social revolution in the q the workers take power in the Central Basin Gov. Asturiana but sent an army commanded in the q x Franco bombed the workers, leaving many dead and wounded. In Barcelona Edo War was declared and the army occupied the Generalitat. This had no impact. Gov. Rep Spanish was a right and Wales was still a izqueirda Rep and there did not want to undo the reforms. This caused great tension and the Spanish government decided to suspend the autonomy of Catalonia. Q Lerrouz was the Chief Executive of the biennium right resigns x problems of corruption and has q Zamora president appoint another government. Gil Robles is offered the post but Zamora prefers to call elections in February 1936 Gil Robles q before taking office. P / these elections the right wing parties are united in a single National Bloc Party and the communist left parties, q Republicans received support from the anarchists xq wanted to release these prisoners anarchists 34 (strike Asturias) join the Popular Front. The PNV and the Fe de las JONS occur without joining any coalition. The Popular Front wins and was predominantly supported in large CDs in industrial areas and estates where there are + laborers. The front was supported polular where traditional agriculture is +. When the front polular farmers earn decide to settle in other lands cuanso spontaneously and establishing the government legalizes land reform in installing many peasants expropriated lands. Once won the elections were to elect Gov. Charges were q q be the Popular Front. It was said Zamora had q q be president of the Rp but he stops and takes place irregularly Anaz (R). The post of president of government should be w / the PSOE but Azana Names Casares Quiroga (Galician Nationalist) xq they could not agree w / choosing, q would have the job. The military prone to a coup d’Edo Gov they are singled out, Franco is sent to the Canaries and Mola to Navarre. The popular front government had many conflicts xq wanted to continue the reform process and the parliament had a lot of tension, death threats and constant danger of a coup d’Edo, q eventually carried out and the June 18, 1936 is considered q end this govt.