The Rise of Fascism and the Spanish Civil War: A Historical Overview
Fascism:
1918-1939 political doctrine formulated among others by Mussolini‘s fascist doctrine characterized by:-negation of democracy, voting, political freedoms, the principle of equality, the principles illustrated. -Denial of those elements that break the unity of the state and nation. -Its alternative policy is the single party fascist. Alternative-social, “revolutionary” are the vertical and independent trade unions in foreign trade. “Justification of violence to destroy their enemies.
Corporation:
Organization composed of people who, as members of it, govern it.
Front of labor:
union representing workers and employers of corporations.
Habitat:
XIX century is the territory manage the corresponding German German state and must ensure the supply of raw materials and livelihood of Germany, and the scoop of the race area, except settlement or what they saw as inferior races. Leads to war.
Autarky:
Economic policy aimed at securing the country to produce everything you need in order to prevent imports from abroad.
Mussolini (1883-1945) a politician, who ran one of the extremist parties were supported by the public and the mainstream political parties failed to address the economic crisis.
Hitler:
(1889-1945 (1920) created the National Socialist Party, which began to recruit some discontents. Attempted to seize power by force and gave a coup which failed.
Final Solution (1942)
all Jews and Gypsies in Germany and the countries it had conquered were sent to extermination camps.
Munich Interview:
September 29 between Hitler, Chamberlain The French minister and Mussolini. France, Britain and Italy agreed to Hitler’s demands and gave him all Czechoslovakia, which was annexed.
Pact Nazi-Soviet non-aggression:
1941 pact in which Germany and the Soviet Union divided Poland and the USSR got Finland and the Baltic States.
Day Landings:
Landing of the Allies on the French coast with the intention of opening a front in the west to reach Berlin before the rusos.1944.
Yalta Conference of
1945 during their meeting World War II, Stalin, Churchill and Roosevelt as heads of government of the USSR, the United Kingdom and United States. This is the beginning of the Cold War Potsdam Conference:
1945 Conference in which Stalin, Churchill and Truman agreed on how to administer Germany , who had surrendered unconditionally nine weeks earlier, on May 8. The objectives of the conference also included the establishment of a postwar order, issues related to peace treaties and the study of the effects of war.
UN:
1952 Organization of the United Nations whose objectives are the rights of the person, the maintenance of peace, self-determination of peoples and cooperation between them. Created in 1945.
Nuremberg Trials: 1945-1946
Series trials in Nuremberg, Germany in 1945-1946, in which former Nazi leaders were indicted and tried as war criminals by an International Military Tribunal Alfonso XIII:
1886-1941rey Spanish who came to the throne in 1902 that followed the 1876 Constitution and held tourism.
agrarian problem: It consists of low yields, agricultural productivity and profitability through the use of rudimentary techniques and the bad distribution of land ownership.
PSOE:
Spanish Socialist Workers Party, founded in 1879 by Pablo Iglesias UGT:
Union General de Trabajadores, a union is closely linked to the PSOE, founded in 1888.
CNT:
CNT, Spain‘s largest union, created by the anarchists in 1910.
PNV:
Basque Nationalist Party, created in 1895 by Sabino Arana, whose nationalism born of Carlism.
Lliga Catalana:
was a political party in Catalonia that came through to win the nomination of the “four presidents” 1901.
Antonio Maura Leader of the Conservative Party government took turns with the Liberal Party, which replaced the general Canovas del Castillo in 1902.
José Canalejas:
Leader of the Liberal Party which replaced the Sagasta general in 1902.
Tragic Week: 1909 popular insurrection that occurred in 1909 in Barcelona whose trigger was the sending of troops to the war in Morocco classes composed only of the wealthier classes because they paid money to avoid military service.
Crisis of 1917:
Events that occurred in the summer of 1917 in Spain, like the political movement, social movement and military movement.
Miguel Primo de Rivera dictator who came to power through a coup in 1923 and remained a dictatorship until 1930, when I get the second republic.
“Pact of San Sebastian (1930) Republican politicians , Socialists, Catalan nationalists and even some former monarchists signed the pact with the aim of going together to the elections and establish a republic.
Constitution of 1931:
the Courts developed. Implanting a democratic regime, recognition of individual freedoms (expression, association, divorce), universal suffrage, no official religion, decentralized territorial organization, social welfare.Land Reform Act (1932) sought to transform the Spanish agrarian structure to improve agricultural production and livelihoods of farmers. Expropriation of uncultivated estates and divided the land among the laborers. The agency responsible for this reform was the Agrarian Reform Institute.
Manuel Azaña:
(1931-1933) was Prime Minister and continued the work of reform.
Francisco Largo Caballero (1869-1946) Spanish politician and trade unionist Marxist historical leader and the UGT. During the Second Spanish Republic was Minister of Labour and Prime Minister Indalecio Prieto
:
1883-1962 Spanish Socialist politician, was appointed finance minister in the republic.
Falange Spanish 1933
Spanish party of fascist ideology whose objective was the establishment of a totalitarian state national syndicalist. It was founded by JA Primo de Rivera.
CEDA:
Catholic political party alliance of right, founded on March 4, 1933. Its creator was Ángel Herrera Oria.
Radical Republican Party:
Spanish political party founded in 1908 by Alexander Lerroux in Santander. The Radical Republican Party was banned following the victory of the Nationalist side in the Civil War.
October Revolution (1934):
Revolution caused because CEDA ministers decided to take power in a non-democratic. This revolution triumphed in Asturias.
Popular Front:
was the union of the left in the 1936 elections that seated the socialist, communist, republican parties and some nationalist forces supported by the anarchists.
Francisco Franco,
Spanish dictator from 1892 to 1975, single party leader Traditionalist Spanish Falange de las JONS, about cult of personality, different trends of conservatism, nationalism and Catholicism opposed to the political left and the development of democratic forms of government.
Brigades International:
1939 Volunteers from different countries around the world who went to fight in Spain for the Republic.
Decree of Unification:
(1939-1943) Ordinance promulgated on April 19, 1937 by Francisco Franco by which dissolved all political parties in the zone “national” and merged under his command, creating a new single party, the Spanish Falange.