The Industrial Revolution
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Meunier – Sculptor of The blacksmith
Martí-Alsina – Realist painter from Catalonia
Velázquez Bosco – Designed the Crystal Palace of Madrid
Millet – Often painted agricultural workers
Labrouse – French architect who designed cast-iron structures
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A) It was built for the 1889 World’s Fair, which celebrated the 100th anniversary of the French Revolution
B) He built the viaduct in Porto (in Portugal) and he built the structure for the
Statue of Liberty.
C) It’s 324 metres tall
D) It wasn’t demolished because it was being used for radio transmissions and
scientific experiments.
E) It took more than two years to built it
F) It weighs more than 7300 tonnes
G) You have to climb 1665 steps
1 Proletariat:
The proletariat was the industrial working class, a social class which
emerged as a result of the Industrial Revolution.
Members of this class had industrial jobs and lived by working for wages. They didn’t have any property.
Factory:
A factory is a building in which goods are manufactured by machine.
Foundry
: A foundry is a workshop where metals are melted and made into objects or mixed other metals.
Class-based Society
: A class-based society is a society in which people’s social
status depends on their work and their personal wealth, and not on their position at birth. It emerged in the late 18th century.
Oligarchy:
An oligarchy is a small group of people who control a country or institution.
2.Definition
Period of rapid economic and technological changes that
took place in the late 18th centuries. Industrialisation
occurred,which is the process through which an economy
becomes by industrial production.
Country of origin
Great Britain
Causes
Population growth/ Agricultural improvements/ Increase of trade/Technological advances/Finance from agriculture and trade/ Favourable political and social structure
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1- B
2- A
3- E
4- C
5- F
6- D
4. A) Great Britain industrialised first
B) The next countries to industrialise were France, Switzerland,Belgium, the Netherlands and the German Empire
C) Great Britain, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Switzerland,
Spain, Italy, the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the Russian Empire had coal deposits.
D) Spain took longer to industrialise because its coal deposits were not good quality; it was less technologicaly advance than other countries; and foreign investments did not promote more general industrial development.
E) Catalonia, Asturias and Basque country industrialised first
because they had good quality coal deposits.
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A) Economic Liberalism
B) Industrial
C) should not interfere with
D) free trade
E) bourgeoisie
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A) FALSE. The Luddites were a group of workers who destroyed factory machinery
B) TRUE
C) TRUE
D) FALSE. Anarchism was an ideology that promoted direct action, rather than
action through political parties.
E) FALSE. Marxists promoted the interests of the working class
F) FALSE. Anarchists and Marxists had different ideas and their disagreements
caused the collapse of the First International.
26. Working-autride-husbands- money-cleaned-laundry-seel-factories-miner-discrimation-less-some
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Movements:
Luddites———1851———————–destruction of machined
Trade-linion——-1830—————–improved waking condition better wages
Chartists———1838—————-universal mats are suffrage
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A)backunim d) backunim
B)Marx e) Marx
C)backunim e) Marx
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Upper Class: Nobility, Bourgeois capitalists(Bankers, business owners, prominent merchants, …)
Middle Class
: Civil servants,Doctors,Lawyers,Small merchants,Artisants (own workshops),Small farmers (own land)
Working Class
:Proletariat,tenant farmers,agricultural labourers.
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a) the owners of factories which produced farm machinery the owners of farms, as they were able to produce more food and acummulate more profits
people who lived in towns and cities, as a farm machinery produced more food which people in urban areas could buy.
b) Agricultural labourers had more difficult lives as a result of the introduction of new farm machinery, because there were fewer jobs as more work was now done by machines.
c) They couldn’t compete because the technology used in the factories was more efficient and the factories could also produce goods which were much cheaper than those manufactured by traditional craftsmen.
D) They often became factory workers
22. a) FALSE. When new factories were built in the 19th century, cities became more polluted
B) FALSE. Old city walls were sometimes demolished in order to facilitate
urban expansion
C) TRUE
D) FALSE. During the Industrial Revolution, the middle class and the working
class needed new homes in cities and towns.
E) TRUE
23. Location: Close to historic city centres/In the outskirts of cities; near factories
Appearance: Well planned; straight, wide avenues; amenities such as shops and theatres; welldeveloped basic services such as street lights and tram-lines/
Not well planned; narrow streets; lack of basic services like street lighting
Type of houses: Large; well built; usually with several floors/Small; poor built; uncomfortable.
12. A) it come from the profits accumulated by the Capitalists
B) to by stocks, to invest in companies or create them
C) it needed to facilitate the process by not business activities
d) workers could not accumulate profits because their wages were not even sufficient to maintain a reasonable standard of living.
E) he believed that worked should work to produced money
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Free production: betters response to market demand.
Free competition: improved products and laws prices.
Free trade: increased commerce and profits.
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A) wealth d) tenant
B) proletariat e) agricultural laborers
C) income f) oligarchy
G) neighborhood
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Three, class, working, besauces family, resources, permanent, change, inequalities, members, equal.