The Cold War: A Global Struggle for Power and Influence
Western bloc led by the United States.
Capitalist and liberal.
Blog Eastern led by USSR.
Communism
The strained relations between both blocs was called Cold War.
None of the two superpowers wanted a direct confrontation, but were willing to maintain a tough fight to secure its dominance in each block. The conflicts that existed between them were found and never came to generalize.
The Cold War began in 1947 and ending in 1991, with the demise of the USSR. During these years were alternated with periods of tension relaxation of others.
It is from 1947 when it began to live a situation of latent conflict remained in suspense, close to the conflict, the citizens of the planet. Until 1962, came to live moments of great tension in various parts of the Earth, such as Berlin, Korea, Indochina, Suez and Cuba, while within each block applied a system of alliances and military and economic a strict control over any dissent that could be considered dangerous.
In the sixties, the dangerous arms race and the growing rejection of the role played by the superpowers drove its leaders to enter into a dynamic of peaceful coexistence and detente was momentarily away the specter of nuclear holocaust, yet who continued conflicts such as Vietnam and the Middle East.
However, the block system came into crisis begins to question the hegemony of the two large cracks appear and dissent within each block. In addition, Third World countries were mobilized against the alignment and in favor of neutralisme active.
The economic crisis of 1973 led to international detente broke the 70.
Enters the “second cold war, with new conflicts, but also with new agreements to curb the use and construction of nuclear weapons, the threat and the most important element of deterrence.
In 1989, with the fall of the Berlin Wall and German reunification begins a new era in international relations.
It broke the block system and imposes U.S. Hegemony.
The disintegration of the socialist bloc in 1991, with the democratization of the USSR and the countries of Eastern Europe signaled the definitive end of the block system.
Missing one of the two superpowers, just the bipolar world system, but not conflict. Since the nineties, we witnessed a new kind of confrontation, a new bi-polarization between the rich countries (the North) and poor countries (the South).
And among many tensions, conflicts and wars, imposed, as always, the dialogue necessary to finally achieve world peace.
Cold War Conflicts
Korean War:
North Korea occupied by Russian troops, U.S. And south. Despite the agreement constituted a single state, the division was consolidated in 1949, after the withdrawal of the occupying forces. 1950 North Korea invaded South Korea the Soviet supor. U.S. Troops, with support from the UN intervened to defend South Korea. After three years of war, the conflict ended in 1953 with the Peace of Panmunjom, which enshrines the division of the two Koreas.
Vietnam War:
French forces in Indochina Communist Viet-Minh proclaimed independence in 1945. France did not agree and started a war between the nationalist forces that had supported Soviet and colonial army, which had U.S. Support. The war ended in 1954 and consolidated the division of North Vietnam, led by a communist government, and South Vietnam, a pro-Western regime. After the withdrawal of French, United States sent a military contingent in support of South Vietnam to avoid reunification under Communist rule. The war ended in 1975 with the withdrawal of American troops and the unification of Vietnam.
Missile Crisis:
In Cuba it had installed the communist regime led x Fidel Castro, never accepted by the United States. To stifle the Castro regime, the economic boycott declared the island, q soon received support from the USSR. The mom of Max. Tension was lived in 1962, facing the threat of q the Soviets to install nuclear missiles on the island, U.S. Ordenadr maritime blockade. After days of great international tension, the Soviets withdrew from commitment to the dismantling of military bases and U.S. N’aixecaren blockade.
Coeixisència peaceful: Late
50s, the climate of tension between blocks gave way to a new era dominated distension x q known as peaceful coexistence. New generation of leaders, these showed a more tolerant attitude by q ideological differences with respect to block opponents. Direct relationships among the first leaders (red phone) and all 2 + governments are inclined to establish mutual agreements. It started a dialogue between the powers x curb arms race (Strategic Arms Limitation Talks). At the end of the 70 new sources of conflict arose q did surface tensions of the Cold War. Soviets invaded Afghanistan (1979) and the U.S., the island of Grenada, while q supported Latin American dictatorships. All this led to a revival of the nuclear race.
Maionisme:
conj. Theoretical and practical positions established Zeodong x Mao, is not an established doctrine. The term reflects the influence of q have concecpcions Mao.Features: Accept the fact q-making power of the proletariat will inevitably violent. -Recognition of people as main force of revolution and history. Necessity of q-class struggle is maintained after this political power throughout the length of the construction of socialism. Q-requirement is prolonged dictatorship of the proletariat to a classless society in arribiar q guarantees political freedoms (freedom of expression and strike).
Proletarian Cultural Revolution:
Mao x begun rectification campaign with Lin Biao (1965-76) to caused a great leap forward in the mental outlook of the masses and bring them to the + communist ideal. Objective: Fight the separation between manual and intellectual labor between city and countryside. -Consolidation of the victory of the proletariat against the bourgeois.