Taxonomy and Biological Classification
Introduction to Taxonomy
Taxonomy, a subdiscipline of Systematic Biology, studies the kinship between organisms and their evolutionary history. It resolves the phylogenetic tree of organisms, clarifying evolutionary branches based on kinship relations. In essence, taxonomy is the science of classification, specifically the ordering of organisms into a nested hierarchy of taxa.
The Need for Classification
Despite the diversity of life, common features allow for grouping. Organisms are classified based on shared characteristics (criteria of classification). Living beings within the same group share at least one common characteristic.
History of Taxonomy
Carl Linnaeus, an eighteenth-century Swedish scientist, developed the modern system of taxonomy and classification. He was a leading naturalist during a time when the study of natural history held great prestige.
Criteria for Classification
: 1 – Symmetry 2 – NUMBER OF CELLS 3 – metamerism or segmentation 4 – NUTRITION SYSTEMS 5 – LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION 6 – EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT 7 – TEMPERATURE CORPORALUn natural system: It is related to elements that organization emerges as a property of nature. The concept of natural system opposes artificial system in which the elements belonging to the respective classes depends on an artificial criterion adopted by convention. By contrast, in the natural system must be contained specific data, which are of vital importance to give a more detailed study on the classification of living taxonomic vivos.Sistema: A Taxonomy of system is considered as a general science goes hand in hand with mathematics and philosophy. There are simple dynamic systems with predetermined movements and thermostats with 4 control mechanisms or systems or structures cibernéticos.Los Open systems are self-sustaining Botany, Life Science, Zoology (Any animal or plant life). On the other end of the taxonomy, are the behavioral sciences, which are anthropology, political science, sociology, psychology, behavioral sciences and applied economics, education, management science, among others. The science involves the human being within any system from simple to complex systems, from general system or subsystem. Classification System Boulding is considered further when discussing the ranking.
Species: species in biology is called each of the groups in which gender divide, ie the limitation of the generic field in a particular morphology. In biology, a species is the basic unit of biological classification.
Gender: A systematic drive for the classification of organisms. Hierarchically, the genus is a taxonomic category that lies between the family and species, thus a genus is a group that brings together several related species, however, some genera are monospecific (containing a single species).
Binomial nomenclature: (Also called binary nomenclature binomial nomenclature) is a standard convention used to describe the different species of organisms (living or extinct). Sometimes referred to as binomial nomenclature classification system of binomial nomenclature binominal.Reglas
1.género name (also called generic).
2.una second word identifying the species within this genus, for which the technical term varies, as follows:
§
a general term for the word that identifies the species is specific descriptor
§ in zoology, the word that identifies the species is called the specific name
§ in botany, the word that identifies the species is called the specific epithet
· Species names generally consist italic type, eg Homo sapiens. The binomial generally be printed in a typeface (font) different from that used in normal text, eg Homo sapiens Several more were discovered. When are manuscripts should be emphasized, for example, Homo sapiens. Each name must be emphasized individually.
• The genus name is always written with a capital letter. Taxon: a group of related agencies, which in a given classification are grouped by assigning the group a Latin name, description, and a “kind”, so that a species taxon is a particular specimen or copy. Each formal description of a taxon is associated with the name of the author or authors who do, which are listed behind the name. In Latin, the plural of taxon is taxa, and is as often used in English but in Spanish the proper plural is taxa