t1 t2

Frequency adverbs*

Always

Often

Usually

Sometimes

Hardly ever/rarely/ it’s rare for me to…

Never

would for the future in past

When talking about the past we can use would to express something that has not happened at the time we are talking about:

In London she met the man that she would one day marry.

would for conditionals

We often use would to express the so-called second and third conditionals:

If he lost his job he would have no money.

would for polite requests and questions

Would you open the door, please? (more polite than: Open the door, please.)

Present perfect: Unspecified point in the past. 1. Actions in the past and continue up in the present (often with for and since) 2. An experience with ever, never, already, just and yet. Form: Subject + have+ participle verb.

1. I’ve had this photo of my aunt for over twenty years

2. We’ve never discovered who took the photo

Present perfect continuous: Actions in the past and continue up in the present, an action which has repeatedly in the past and that still happening now. (often with for and since). The emphasis is on the duration of the activity.

Form: Subject + have + be (been) in participle + verb –ing

Past perfect:Subject + had + participle verb. Use: To talk about actions or events yhat happened before another action or event in the past, often with time expressions like: by the time, when, before, after and until I bought the sculpture

-The artist had died before

Past perfect continuous: Subject + have + be (been) in participle + verb –ing. Use: Ongoing activity leading up to a more recent past.

The painting had been losing its bright colours , so we took it to an artist to have it restored.

Background information about an event

He’d been working on the portrait for months

Future perfect: Subject + will + have + participle verb. An action that will be completed before a definite time in the future: By this time this year, they will have closed down the housing scheme

Future perfect continuous: Subject + will + been + verb –ing

Perfect infinitive: to have + been + participle verb

Perfect infinitive: –ing: (to) have –ing + participle verb

Future tenses:

Present simple:To express future when we refer to events which are part of timetable.

-The train leaves at 7:30

Present continuous:To talk about a definite plan for the near future:

– We are having a party tonight.

– We are going to the beach tomorrow morning.