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Philosophy systematic answer to the great questions of human life, using the laws of logic, without special appeal to math, experimental method, or (religious) authority
Logotherapy psycho-therapy that addresses the human drive for meaning
Paradox a statement that is contrary to what it appears, but is (arguably) true
Love to see the essential traits and features in another, to see what is potential and to enable one to actualize these potentialities
Relativism Everything is a matter or opinion and there is no objective or absolute truth
Nihilism there is no meaning of life
life is absurd
Emotivism values result solely from our emotional reaction, not from facts or reasons
Radical Empiricism knowledge is ultimately nothing but perception
Skepticism no one knows anything
A Priori knowledge not constituted by any possible sense perception
Substance that which exists through itself, not by being in another
Prime Matter pure potency to be some substance
Soul 1stfirst substantial actuality of the natural body capable of life through parts-differentiation
Soul 2ndprinciple of the different kinds of activity belonging to different living things
Object target or terminus of an act, power or habit of the soul
Principle of Non-Contradiction nothing can both be and not be at the same time in the same respect
Frankl Work Man’s Search for Meaning
Socrates Work no written works
Plato Work Republic, 5 Dialogues
Aristotle De Anima
Dualism soul and body are two different substances
Dialogue question and answer between two interlocutors
Genus accident:quality
Principle statement or explanatory source
Bundle Theory of Self human identity is the result of several perceptions linked through memory
Academy Plato’s school in Athens
Hylomorphism form actualizes matter
Form that by which a thing is what it is
Matter that out of which something is made
Substance
that which exists through itself
Sophists Presocratic philosophers that went from city to city teaching rhetoric
This World-changeable and non-eternal-knowledge in the weak sense-dependent on forms for existence
Really Real World -eternal and unchangeable-knowledge in the strong sense-the cause of the existence of our world
Four Causes material,efficient, formal, final
Material Cause that out of which something is made
Efficient Cause that by which something is made
Formal Cause that into which something is made
Final Cause that for the sake of which something is made
Three Ways of Finding Meaning-in nature,-in suffering-in love (other people)
Knowledge in the Weak Sense empirical knowledge
Knowledge in the Strong Sense knowledge learned in a past life
Prime Matter has no form;pure potency of some substance
Secondary Matter matter+form
Attribute (or Accident) that which exists through substance (ex: personality)
Two Kinds of Form substance;attribute
Two Kinds of Matter Prime;Secondary
early dialogues focus on ethics
middle dialogues speaker is Plato (world of the forms is introduced)
late dialogues answers to questions, Socrates is not talked about
Proper Sensible certain qualities in physical objects that each sense is adapted to apprehend
Common Sensible common to the several different senses
Per Accidens things that are sensed accidentally
The Sense acts within a corporeal organ
Human Intellect power of the soul in the form of a body
Three Principles of Cognition 1. Cognition is a kind of becoming2. The object of cognition causes the cognition3. we cognize things through its form
8 categories quantity, quality, place, time, action, passion, relation
Quality perceptible qualities (color, shape, smell, flavor)
Unexamined Life not worth living
Body is a prison soul is trapped and death frees it
Soul as harmony cannot be true because no soul is more than another, and soul is not dependent on body
philosophy as preparation for death philosophy tells us what to expect in death and allows us to look forward to it
care for the soul being just and good
virtue is knowledge
what do we always think in? images
Frankl meaning of life gives us will to live-20th century
Socrates soul is just and our source of life-400-300 BC
Plato soul and body are separate (dualism)-400-300 BC
Hume soul doesn’t exist because we can’t see it-18th century
Aristotle soul is our sense and our intellect-400-300 BC
Augustine soul senses through body-400-300 BC
Aquinas 13th century
Philo of Alexandria 40 CE-1st greatest Jewish philosopher-Ideas are in the mind of God
Avicenna has five internal senses(central, proper, fantasy, estimative, memory)
Four Arguments of Immortality of Soul 1) Cyclical: opposite of life=death2) Recollection: Soul got strong knowledge from previous life3) Affinity: Souls is a form=indestructible4) Final: Soul is like the “immortals” who never die, so neither can the soul
1st potentiality matter or body
1st Actuality soul
2nd potentiality ability to sit down and play the piano at will
2nd actuality actually playing the piano
Universal in the mind;proper object of intellectual cognition