Spanish Second Republic: Reforms, Conflicts, and Political Shifts (1931-1936)
I Eleccions Provisional Government:
4/12/1931 Eleccions Municipals, els rsultats will show unaintencio of canvi of regim.14/4/1931 Republicof 1. The coalitions republicanosocialista Triomf, exiled Alfonso XIII
The constitution of 1931
“The drafting of a new constitution was the 1st task of the deputies, elected president after the camera Julian Besteiro, moderate socialist.
“The new law imposed the dissolution of religious orders q and considered a danger to the budget of the clergy. In protest against these measures, the deputies from right. Congress left while q Alcalá Zamora resigned from their positions in government.
“With the constitution adopted on 09.12.1931 Spain became a democratic, secular, with a single camera and a responsible government with universal suffrage.
“The new constitution defined a strong central state, but to solve the regional problems of autonomy statutes were enacted.
P.D ‘esquerra:
supporters (laicitat de l’estat, de l’democratitzacio army, land reform, socials i dret Laborals, descentralitzacio de l’estat) p.Republicans (Republican-m.Azaña action-p.Republica m.Domingo radical-socialist, in the service of the republic–
J.Ortega and gasset-) p.Autonomistes (Republican Left of Catalonia, Galicia org.Republicana autonomist) p. I obrers sindicats (PSOE, i CNT FAI, Spanish p.Comunista, p.Obrer d’Marxist Unification)
P.Dretes:
supporters (estat confessional, privilegis army, defense propietat traditional agrarian cntraria labor reform unit estat) p.Republicans (p.Radical right liberal Republican p.Agrario, CEDA) p.Autonomistes (Regionalist League / Catalan nationalist partit basc) p. I obrers sindicats (sindicats catolics agrarians, STB) wing contraris Republic (Spanish renvacion, communication traditionalist, JONS, Falange Spanish)
Biennium reforms d’Esquerres
– Education reform: progressive education. It increased the salaries of teachers and gave them a better preparation.
– Military Reform: the army was modernized. Early retirement for many officers with full pay. I think the Republic Assault guard against the Civil Guard.
– Land reform: more just distribution of property, a law q expropriate large estates and distributed among the landless peasants.
– Labor laws: 8h days for farmers.
“The statutes of autonomy: Azaña forced the adoption of the Statute of Catalonia, delivered a major speech to the q got the votes. In the Basque Country for the Socialists and Republicans the status of autonomy was a minor issue. In 1933, social unrest increased, the PSOE is becoming + radical. Martinez Barrio formed government promising to hold elections.
– Reformation: limit the influence of the church i equalize Spanish society. Lei congregations: Possession limits on church property XRA i can dissolve religious groups in an emergency state XRA
Autonoma catalunya
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Provisional Government: les amb negociacions The Government of the Republic will donate lloc the Generalitat of Catalonia, the seva will be the elaboration tssca dun Statute of Autonomy to define yourself the institutional framework of Catalan autonomy l’competencies who had seen them i d ‘ assumes. Els membres is going to gather at the shrine of nuria avantprojecte l’i will write that will be lliurat 06/20/1931. Statute of Núria: federal republic of character, Dins caaluña estat com Spanish republic, parla catalana, competencies exclusives
“Statute of Autonomy 1932:28 / 6 / 1931 tromf ERC, the dreta s’oposa a l’Catalan Statute. Three posicions: Govern centralist: autonomy moderate parlamentaris catalans: broad autonomy; dret: Spain unit. 9/9/1932s’ Aprova lestatut catala d’autonomy (regional Dins de l’estat, catala-Castell, poders compartits)
-Republican Generalitat, Esquerra Republicana (progressist social model, secular moderate esquerra d’i) Lliga (conservative Catholicism oposat a l’altre i)
The Govern-tavern: reformes Economique (rabassaires) llei of bases in 1934 (i ASSISTANCE Sanitat social) reforms educative, policy llengua, territorial ordenacio
Reformist Biennium
Esquerres-Government: President Alcala Zamora, manuel feat cap of the Government, constitutional elaboration 1931
-Reform: religious, military, status autonomy, agrarian, labor, educational
-Problems: unfavorable economy, conflictes socials, crisi de Govern
Conservative Biennium
Centredreta-Government: President Alcala Zamora, Alejandro Lerroux cap of Government
-Mesures: paralitzacio reforms, amb enfrontament esqurres, rep.Catalana proclamation, rev.Asturies
“Grisi de Govern: CEDA entry to the autonomous government of Lerroux caiguda, Triomf popular front