Spanish Labor Movement: Origins and Development
The Origins and Development of the Spanish Labor Movement
org.del mov.obrero 2.A henceforth, the labor movement became politicized, and its leaders began to support the Democrats and Republicans. However, labor action declined during the years of the liberal Union for the Suppression of Narvaez and O’Donnell, and the economic boom drove down unemployment.
Disappointment followed the ’68 revolution, and the Democrats’ neglect of their demands pushed the labor movement towards trade unionism and the formation of specifically socialist parties. The years following the revolution of 1868 were characterized by a slow economic recovery. Industrial sectors began their recovery (such as textiles, wines, and mining). The cause of social tensions that occurred during the democratic presidential term must be sought in the fact that the revolution had created a false hope among the workers and peasants of a social revolution.
The Rise of Anarchism and Marxism
The arrest of the revolutionary process, maintaining the fifth, and the triumph of the monarchical option to approve the constitution of 1869 brought two consequences: the ultimate separation of the labor movement for the Democratic and Republican prompt institution of Spain in AIT. In 1868, G. Fanelli came to Spain with the objective of organizing the international section of Spanish on the basis of anarchist theory. So underlying the SPA to be the branch of the IWA in Spain and cover all the labor organizations.
In 1871, the first congress of the Spanish Section was held in Barcelona. In 1871, Paul Lafargue, sent by his father, Karl Marx, contacted labor leaders in Madrid. After the Congress of Zaragoza, Madrid Marxist leaders were expelled for what form the NFM (New Madrid Federation), which soon became the section of Spanish Marxist AIT.
The First Republic and Labor Unrest
The proclamation of the Republic provoked a wave of demonstrations and strikes that forced the entrepreneurs to make major concessions on working hours and salary. In Andalusia, the demonstrations resulted in occupation of land and indiscriminate attacks. But the most serious incident occurred in Alcoy, where the workers went on strike demanding a general wage increase and shorter hours laboral.
Simultaneously, a cantonal uprising broke out: it was a federal Republican movement radicals, who did not receive the support of the leaders of the AIT. However, many workers participated in internationalist insurrección.Por this the government included the AIT in repression. After having put down the insurrection, the government decreed Serrano (1874) the dissolution of the AIT in the six years España.
The Legacy of the Labor Movement
During this period, the Spanish labor movement took on political awareness and organizational bases were established. It also involves the introduction of anarchism and Marxism, and the beginning of its implementation in certain Spanish regions. Between the two ideological currents, which had more support and monitoring was an anarchist. The Spanish labor movement will be of particular importance in the political and social development of the early twentieth century. After 1920 Marxism, prevail on anarchism.