Spanish Independence War: Mayors of Móstoles, Constitution of 1812
Side of Mayors of Móstoles
Justices of the Peoples: The term generally refers to local authorities exercising administrative and judicial power, such was the case of the mayors who could have as judge of first instance.
This town capital: Refers to the village and court of Madrid, capital of the kingdom.
Court: Can be understood as the place where the King lives (palace or town) and also the group of senior government officials and service personnel of the Crown.
Nation: The term, unlike the State, understood more as an administrative structure and power, refers to a territory with its landscape and culture with the citizens or group has acquired general bonding at birth.
Frenchified and Patriots in the War of Independence
Your: The term liberal is a compliment to Jovellanos, recognizing his forward-thinking contrary to the old regime, like the new regime coming to Spain from the hand of Napoleon. Jovellanos was a learned advanced ideas, although a moderate liberalism: economic was in line with the ideas of Adam Smith, which is reflected in its Report on the Agrarian Law, and politically advocated a return to the internal constitution or history of Spain (not a fully liberal constitution), the abolition of absolutism and the Inquisition.
Inquisition: Was an institution medieval and ecclesiastical, but, from the Catholic Monarchs, became an instrument of ideological and political control in state hands. It was one of the basic institutions of the Old Regime in Spain and meant the union or confusion between state and church, throne and altar. Liberal thought has always sought its elimination (Constitution of Cadiz) but was not consummated until after the death of Fernando VII.
Grandees of Spain: They were the highest nobility of Spain, following in the social hierarchy following the royal family (as the home of Alba or Medina-Sidonia). Represented by its political and economic power (with its privileges and related properties) the essence of estate society of the ancien regime itself, and therefore the high nobility was opposed to economic reforms (especially land reform) and policies demanded the Liberals.
Rey fair and illustrated: I refer to Joseph Bonaparte, who since 1808, governs in Madrid by imposition of Napoleon Bonaparte. The text presents him as king of advanced ideas. In fact, the charter granted to the governing Bayonne has some economic and institutional reforms contrary to the Old Regime. But its political system has more than absolutist liberal, in addition to being subject to Napoleon’s plans for Europe. King never fully exercised as in Spain since the French king existed alongside the government of the Spanish resistance. At the end of the War of Independence emanates from Spain.
Freedom Constitution: The constitutional regime is opposite the Old Regime. The basic principles of constitutional liberalism itself is the national sovereignty, the division of powers and the declaration of individual rights, basically the freedom, life and property. Although it is proposed to Jovellanos (and Spain) a constitutional monarchy is not such a thing, since the Bayonne Charter is a constitution as such, does not contain national sovereignty or the separation of powers, and individual rights are fully recognized, although it contains some as the freedom of the press, the abolition of torture, economic freedom, inviolability of domicile.
Constitution has given the vast and sublime genius of the Emperor: This refers to a text that is not really a does not come up because of the sovereignty of the nation but is rather given letter (Statute or Charter of Bayonne) imposed by Napoleon. Basically gives the king broad powers, the courts are for estates without real legislative power, it recognizes the Catholic confessional, his suppressed the Inquisition, and as more advanced content recognize certain rights such as the inviolability of the home, the rights of arrested and detained and the abolition of torture. Moreover, the figure of Napoleon is presented as superior and providential figure to progress in Europe, which justified the submission to his designs.
Making a new Gibraltar: Cádiz Cádiz was a refuge of the Regency Council and the constituent members, and remained liberated from French rule during the war through military aid and supplies English. The British presence is a matter for the author of the text to show England as the true enemy of Spain in Cadiz can claim to be made to Gibraltar as a century before.
Constitution of 1812
General and Extraordinary: The Central Board calls for cuts in 1809 as understood in the Old Regime, that is estates in nature: the meeting of the nobility, clergy and representatives of cities entitled to representation on behalf of the king, far away (hence the extraordinary.) However, the Liberals, for their dominance, forced the meeting chamber in the manner of French Republican Assembly’s position against conservatives and Jovellanos, these cuts bicameral supporters, the English way, with the Senate consisting of the clergy and nobility in counterbalance to the lower house composed of direct representatives of the Nation.
Spanish Nation: The modern concept of nation is born with liberalism. It has two main meanings: a) what the French revolutionaries understood as unitary defined territory and citizens who have given their own laws and forced to comply (the Constitution), b) as a linguistic and ethnic unity, as understood in German political romanticism. The 1812 Constitution incorporates the spirit of the French Revolution: a land unit (administrative centralism without regional differences, equality under the law.
Sovereignty: Political power is plenary or unlimited. From the medieval to modern times are recorded various incarnations of sovereignty: the sovereignty shared by the Crown and the Courts, typical of the Middle Ages, and which identifies the Jovellanos, and even doctrinaire conservative or liberal, the real absolute sovereignty of the Bourbons from Philip V, and national sovereignty proclaimed by the constitutional liberalism: the supreme power is the set of citizens (nation) that exercise all the powers of the state.
Legitimate rights of all individuals: The proclamation of individual rights and the state’s obligation to his defense is a fundamental principle of liberalism. We found these rights record in American and French revolutions of the eighteenth century. The rights proclaimed in the Constitution of Cadiz is not because there is no systematic way as the pickup. However it can be considered comprehensive. In this Article 4 establishes the right to liberty and property; article lists other rights such as the prohibition of arbitrary detention, the inviolability of the home, the abolition of torture and corporal punishment, and freedom of press. However, it has the limitation of lack of religious freedom.
Constitution: The written constitution is a hallmark of liberalism and contains basic principles: the declaration of individual rights and separation of powers. The constitution is the source of the law of the state created by the Cortes of Cadiz on behalf of the sovereign nation.
Religion Catholic, Apostolic, Roman: It is the traditional religion of Spain, whose maximum power is the pope of Rome. The statement sets this confessional state constitution of the most revolutionary in this respect, French and American. The defense of the Catholic religion, which only allowed the public exercise is interpreted as a concession to tradition, given the defense of this principle were the absolutists and the large number of clerics and deputies.