Social Science Exam Revision: Key Concepts and Answers

Posted on Mar 8, 2026 in Social sciences

Ibrahim, I have rewritten every answer with the full question included, in 100% human language, super clear and exam-perfect.

1. Nazism and the Rise of Hitler

Key Questions and Answers

• 1. What were the problems faced by the Weimar Republic?
  The Weimar Republic suffered humiliation after WWI, had to pay huge compensation, the government kept changing, and inflation became very high.
• 2. Why did Nazism become popular in 1930?
  Because people were jobless, the economy was failing, the government looked weak, and Hitler’s strong promises attracted people.
• 3. What were the main features of Nazi thinking?
  Nazis believed Germans were the best race, hated Jews, wanted extreme nationalism, dictatorship, and to expand Germany.
• 4. Why was Nazi propaganda so effective?
  They used posters, films, and loud speeches repeatedly blaming Jews and creating fear, so many people believed it.
• 5. Who supported the Nazis and why?
  Youth, workers, middle-class people, and big businessmen supported Hitler because he promised jobs, order, and strong leadership.
• 6. How did the Nazis control the people?
  They used secret police, fear, censorship, strict laws, and controlled media, schools, and youth groups.

2. Food Security in India

Key Questions and Answers

• 1. How is food security ensured in India?
  Through buffer stock, PDS, MSP, government schemes, and cheap food availability.
• 2. Which people are more prone to food insecurity?
  Poor families, landless workers, SC/ST groups, migrants, and people in flood/drought areas.
• 3. Which states are more food insecure?
  Bihar, Odisha, Jharkhand, West Bengal, UP, and parts of MP.
• 4. Did the Green Revolution help India? How?
  Yes, it increased wheat and rice production and made India self-sufficient.
• 5. What is buffer stock?
  Government stores extra grains for emergencies.
• 6. Define MSP, Buffer Stock, Issue Price, and Fair Price Shops.
  MSP: Minimum price guaranteed to farmers.
  Buffer Stock: Grains stored by the government.
  Issue Price: Price of grains at ration shops.
  Fair Price Shops: Shops selling cheap ration.
• 7. What are the problems of ration shops?
  Bad quality grains, irregular supply, cheating, and wrong distribution.
• 8. What is the role of cooperatives in food security?
  They provide milk, vegetables, and grains at low prices and help during shortages.

3. Poverty in India

Key Questions and Answers

• 1. How is the poverty line estimated?
  By calculating minimum food needs and basic expenses.
• 2. Is this method appropriate? Why or why not?
  Partly yes, but it ignores health, education, and other essentials.
• 3. Which groups are most vulnerable to poverty?
  SC/ST, rural labourers, daily wage, and casual workers.
• 4. What are inter-state differences in poverty in India?
  Bihar, UP, and Odisha have more poverty; Kerala, Punjab, and Tamil Nadu have less.
• 5. What are the global poverty trends?
  China and Southeast Asia improved; Africa still has high poverty.
• 6. What are the major reasons for poverty in India?
  Unemployment, low income, inequality, and colonial impact.
• 7. Which groups are most vulnerable within India?
  SC, ST, women-headed families, and casual labourers.
• 8. What is the government’s poverty alleviation strategy?
  MGNREGA, PDS, employment schemes, education, and health programs.
• 9. What is meant by human poverty?
  Lack of education, health, shelter, and dignity—not just low income.
• 10. What is the aim of MGNREGA?
  To provide 100 days of guaranteed work to rural people.
• 11. Name two other causes of poverty.
  Natural disasters and rapid population growth.
• 12. What is the difference between the calorie method and the MNP method?
  The calorie method focuses only on food needs; the MNP method checks health, education, and living standards too.

4. Working of Institutions

Key Questions and Answers

• 1. What is the first work of the Prime Minister after election?
  He selects ministers and forms the Cabinet.
• 2. Why was the Home Minister considered powerful?
  Because he controls security, police, and law and order.
• 3. Which ministry releases what information?
  Home: Security; Agriculture: Farming issues; Finance: Budget and money; Defence: Army matters.
• 4. Who has the power to change a law?
  Parliament.
• 5. Which institution is the most democratic and why?
  Parliament, because it represents the people’s will.
• 6. Why is the PM not directly elected?
  Because India follows parliamentary democracy where MPs elect the PM.
• 7. Who are nominated to the Rajya Sabha?
  12 experts from arts, science, literature, and sports.
• 8. Why does the PM control the Cabinet?
  He chooses ministers and has majority support in Lok Sabha.
• 9. Why is the Judiciary called the guardian of the Constitution?
  It protects rights and stops laws that violate the Constitution.

5. Climate of India

Key Questions and Answers

• 1. What controls the climate of India?
  India’s climate changes because of its location, height, winds, sea distance, and ocean water.
• 2. Why does India have a varied climate?
  India is huge, so different places have different weather.
• 3. What factors influence weather and climate?
  Things like height, distance from sea, wind, and temperature affect weather.
• 4. What are two characteristics of the monsoon?
  Monsoon comes once a year and its rain is uncertain.
• 5. Why does rainfall decrease from east to west?
  Winds lose water as they move west, so rain becomes less.
• 6. Why does the Thar Desert get low rainfall?
  Aravalli hills don’t stop the winds, so almost no rain falls.
• 7. Why does Tamil Nadu get winter rainfall?
  Because winter winds (northeast monsoon) bring rain there.
• 8. Why does India have a monsoon climate?
  Land heats fast, sea heats slowly, so winds change and bring rain.
• 9. Explain the mechanism of monsoon.
  Land becomes hot → winds from sea move in → they bring rain.
• 10. What are other sources of rainfall in India?
  Cyclones, western disturbances, and retreating monsoon also bring rain.
• 11. What is the role of the Himalayas in India’s climate?
  They stop cold winds and help monsoon clouds give rain.

6. Drainage Systems

Key Questions and Answers

• 1. What is a water divide?
  A high place that separates two river areas.
• 2. Which is the largest river basin in India?
  The Ganga basin is the biggest.
• 3. Why are rivers important?
  They give water, food, electricity, and help farming.
• 4. Why is the Ganga plain densely populated?
  The soil is rich and water is plenty, so people live there more.
• 5. Why does the Brahmaputra carry less silt in India?
  It comes through rocky places, so it picks up less soil.
• 6. Why do Himalayan rivers have long courses?
  They start in high mountains and flow very far.
• 7. Why are Peninsular rivers seasonal?
  They depend mostly on monsoon rain.
• 8. Difference between Himalayan and Peninsular rivers?
  Himalayan rivers flow all year; Peninsular rivers dry up when rains stop.
• 9. Characteristics of Himalayan rivers?
  They are snow-fed, deep, strong, and make big valleys.
• 10. Why are rivers important for India’s economy?
  They help farming, transport, power, fishing, and drinking water.

7. Election Process Timeline

Correct Sequence of Activities

1. Making of voters’ list
2. Announcing election schedule
3. Releasing election manifestos
4. Filing nomination papers
5. Election campaign
6. Casting of votes (Polling day)
7. Ordering of re-poll (if needed)
8. Counting of votes
9. Declaration of election results

Note: This is the exact time order used by the Election Commission.