Respiratory System Functions and Structures
EJ 1. NAME SELECTED PART…
A) NASAL CAVITY A1) UVULA B) PHARYNX B1) EPIGLOTTIS C) LARYNX C1) TRACHEA C2) BRONCHI C3) BRONCHIES D) LUNGS
A-B UPPER C-D LOWER
A) Heat and filtrates the air. B) Regulating the passing of air and food, detect pathogens and the immune system by means of the tonsils. C) Sending the air to the lungs preventing suffocation by food. D) Gas exchange, absorbing oxygen from the outside to the blood, expels CO2 from the blood to the outside.
EJ 2. AIRWAYS PREPARE…
a) olfactory bulb, olfactory terminations, eustachian tube, pharynx, esophagus, larynx + epiglottis, hard palate, nostril, turbinates (upper, middle, lower)
b) respiratory ciliated mucosa, temperature and filtration.
EJ 3. a) WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM?
Is to perform the gas exchange between the blood and environment. O2 is absorbed from the air to the blood. Excreting CO2 from the blood to the environment.
b) WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ‘EXTERNAL’ AND ‘CELL’ RESPIRATION?
| RESPIRATION TYPE | PLACE | PROCESS |
|---|---|---|
| EXTERNAL | THE LUNGS (ALVEOLI) | GAS EXCHANGE AIR —–> BLOOD (O2) |
| INTERNAL | THE CELL (MITOCHONDRIA) | NUTRIENTS+O2 ——> CO2+H2O+ENERGY CELL RESPIRATION |
EJ 4. THIS ACTIVITY SHOWS A REAL…
A) CARTILAGE (PURPLE PART) MUCOSA (LILAC PART) SMOOTH M. (TRANSPARENT PART)
B) CARTILAGE (UPPER WHITE PART) MUCOSA (INNER PART) SMOOTH M. (REDDEST PART)
C) CILIA filtrates, traps, and eliminates cilia and muscle
RESPIRATORY MUCOSA (connective tissue, smooth muscle, blood vessels)
BLOOD CAPILLARIES: hits the air.
EJ 5. THIS SKETCH IS…
a) 1. BREATHING IN 2. BREATHING OUT
b) In order to breathe, the TC and diaphragm perform movement
INHALATION: contraction of diaphragm and intercostal muscle
EXHALATION: Diaphragm relaxes, goes up intercostal muscle relaxes, the rib cage descends, and so volume lowers and air forces outside.
EJ 6. NAME DEPICTED STRUCTURE… a)
| PULMONARY VEIN | O2 |
|---|---|
| PULMONARY ARTERY | CO2 |
| BRONCHIOLE | ALVEOLI |
| BLOOD CAPILLARIES | CO2 (OUT) O2 (IN) |
| ALVEOLI | PULMONARY ARTERY |
| BLOOD CAPILLARIES |
b) We breathe air with oxygen to the lungs and alveoli, the pulmonary artery brings blood rich in CO2 and is taken to the alveoli to be excreted to the environment. The alveoli are rich in O2 that is taken to blood to be transported through all the body. Pulmonary veins are rich of O2. CO2 is rich in blood because it comes through the cells that need to expel it.
EJ 7. LEFT PICTURES SHOW…
a) – IRRITANT PERMANENT RADIUM IN AIRWAY. -REDUCES LUNGS CAPACITY. -CHRONIC EXPECTATION AND CONTINUOUS. – COPD CREATION. -DISEASES (CHRONIC BRONCHITIS, LUNG CANCER, COPD)
b) COPD ( EMPHYSEMA= alveoli are destroyed –> less surface area for gas exchange –> less air exchanged.
ASTHMA
CHRONIC BRONCHITIS = chronic inflammation of bronchi –> extra secretion of mucosa and lower clearance of the airways.)
permanent cough
EJ 8. HYPERSENSITIVITY…
a) relax smooth muscle
expands, desinflamates, and reduces the amount of mucus in the (anti-histamine)
airways
mobilizers
ventolin has corticosteroids (cortisone)
b) inflammation that produces excess mucus and concentration of the smooth muscle reduction of air in airways.
EJ 9. PICTURE
They need nutrients
LIVER: stores nutrients detoxifies all the blood.
KIDNEYS: filter the blood to produce urine.
HEART: energy consumption. LUNGS: blood produces gas exchange. BRAIN: control of all body function
EJ 10. DEFINE THE DIFFERENT…
a) IC= TV+IRV= 0.5L+3L=3.5L
FRC= ERV+RV=15L+1L=2.5L
TLC= IC+IRC= 3.5L+2.5L=6L
b) IRV 3L, TV 0.5L, ERV 1.5L, RV 1L, IC TV+IRV, FRC ERV+RV, VC ERV+VT+IRV
RV residual volume
IRV inspiratory reserve volume
TV tidal volume
ERV expiratory reserve volume
IC inspiratory capacity
FRC functional residual capacity
VC vital capacity
RESPIRATORY MUCOSA
– The MUCOSA is an epithelial tissue that lines the internal cavity of the airways and contains ciliated cells that secrete mucus, and a connective layer below, full of small blood capillaries.
AIR PREPARATION: RESPIRATORY MUCOSA
– MUCOSA prepares inhaled air to be sent to lungs in appropriate conditions (adequate temperature and air content)
CAPILLARIES HEAT INHALED AIR
CILIATED CELLS PRODUCE MUCUS, A VISCOUS PROTEIN-RICH LIQUID THAT TRAPS PARTICLES
WAVE-LIKE MOVEMENTS OF CILIA FORCE THOSE PARTICLES UP TO THE DIGESTIVE TRACT
RESPIRATORY MUCOSA
Some people are extremely sensitive to some airborne particles entering the airways, causing irritation, swelling, and air pass blocking on the airway. This happens with asthma affecting allergic people. Mucus secretion increases and airways close, causing breathing difficulties.