Relative Pronouns, Word Types, and Text Types

Posted on Mar 15, 2025 in English Studies. Language, Literature, and Culture

Relative Pronouns

• To which
• Which
• Who (for persons)
• That
• As

Word Types

Determinatives

Classes of determinatives:

• Definite articles (the) and indefinite articles (a, an)
• Demonstratives (this, that, these, those)
• Possessives (my, your, his, her, its, our, their)
• Quantifiers (much, little, no, too, enough, another)
• Numbers (one, two, three, four… first, second…)
• Interrogative and exclamatory words (what, how)

Pronouns

Pronouns replace a noun phrase (NP).

Types of pronouns:

• Personal pronouns (me, you, he, she, it, we, they)
• Demonstrative pronouns (this, that, these, those)
• Possessive pronouns (mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs)
• Indefinite pronouns (anybody, somebody, something, nothing, one, the rest, enough, how much, the one, the other, little, much)
• Ordinal pronouns (first, second…)
• Interrogative and exclamatory pronouns (who, which)

Text Types

• Narrative: Focuses on events and actions, whether true or false. Examples include novels, movies, short stories, and legends.
• Poetic: Expresses the beauty of language and feelings or hidden aspects of reality through literary devices. Examples include poems, poetic prose, and sometimes advertising.
• Descriptive: Lists the characteristics of something animate or inanimate. Examples include tourist guides, dictionaries, literary descriptions, advertising, trade catalogs, and brochures.
• Argumentative: Aims to persuade, present opinions, and defend a thesis. Examples include discussions, lectures, letters to the editor, and opinion pieces.
• Instructive: Intends to order and advise, explaining the use of something. Examples include recipes, instruction booklets, and medication leaflets.

Relative Pronouns

• To which
• Which
• Who (for persons)
• That
• As

Word Types

Determinatives

Classes of determinatives:

• Definite articles (the) and indefinite articles (a, an)
• Demonstratives (this, that, these, those)
• Possessives (my, your, his, her, its, our, their)
• Quantifiers (much, little, no, too, enough, another)
• Numbers (one, two, three, four… first, second…)
• Interrogative and exclamatory words (what, how)

Pronouns

Pronouns replace a noun phrase (NP).

Types of pronouns:

• Personal pronouns (me, you, he, she, it, we, they)
• Demonstrative pronouns (this, that, these, those)
• Possessive pronouns (mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs)
• Indefinite pronouns (anybody, somebody, something, nothing, one, the rest, enough, how much, the one, the other, little, much)
• Ordinal pronouns (first, second…)
• Interrogative and exclamatory pronouns (who, which)

Text Types

• Narrative: Focuses on events and actions, whether true or false. Examples include novels, movies, short stories, and legends.
• Poetic: Expresses the beauty of language and feelings or hidden aspects of reality through literary devices. Examples include poems, poetic prose, and sometimes advertising.
• Descriptive: Lists the characteristics of something animate or inanimate. Examples include tourist guides, dictionaries, literary descriptions, advertising, trade catalogs, and brochures.
• Argumentative: Aims to persuade, present opinions, and defend a thesis. Examples include discussions, lectures, letters to the editor, and opinion pieces.
• Instructive: Intends to order and advise, explaining the use of something. Examples include recipes, instruction booklets, and medication leaflets.