Relative Clauses, Cardiovascular Health & Indoor Air Pollution: Key Vocabulary and Facts
Grammar – Relative Clauses
Stethoscope: A stethoscope is a device which is used to listen to body sounds.
Laboratory: A laboratory is a place where experiments are conducted.
Paramedic: A paramedic is a person who takes care of injured people in an emergency.
Artificial heart: An artificial heart is a device that replaces a heart for a short period of time.
Spaceship: A spaceship is a vehicle which is used to transport astronauts into space.
More Options
Person (WHO):
- A doctor is a person who treats sick people.
- A nurse is a person who helps patients in a hospital.
- An astronaut is a person who travels into space.
Device / Thing (WHICH / THAT):
- A scalpel is a device which is used to make incisions during surgery.
- A microscope is a device that is used to observe tiny objects.
- A wheelchair is a device which helps people with mobility issues.
Vehicle (WHICH / THAT):
- A helicopter is a vehicle that is used to transport critical emergency patients.
- A rescue boat is a vehicle which is used in water emergencies.
Place (WHERE):
- A clinic is a place where patients go for medical checkups.
- An operating room is a place where surgeons perform surgeries.
- A pharmacy is a place where medicines are sold.
The Cardiovascular System & Medical Technology
Vocabulary
Hypertension: High blood pressure.
Income: The money a person or company receives in a certain period of time.
Developed: Having an advanced economy and a high standard of living.
Decent: Of an acceptable standard.
Cardiac: Relating to the heart.
Significantly: In a way that is important and has an effect on something.
Severe: Very serious.
Transplant: An operation when an organ from one person is put in another.
Additional Vocabulary
Declare: Say or state something officially.
Temporary: Lasting for a limited time.
Biological: Relating to the study of the bodies of living things.
Permanent: Lasting for a very long time.
Artificial: Made to be like something natural.
Key Facts & Statistics
- 10 years since Heart Day was created.
- 18.6 million people: Annual death rate from heart disease.
- 75%: Cardiac deaths from low- and middle-income countries.
- 85% of global deaths are from heart attack or stroke.
- 32%: Global deaths from heart disease.
- 1.28 billion people have hypertension.
- 46% do not know they are ill.
Questions & Answers on the Heart
What does the heart do? It is responsible for pumping blood throughout the body, supplying oxygen and nutrients to the body’s cells.
How many times does it beat in one day? It beats over 100,000 times a day.
Who performed the first heart transplant? It was performed in 1967 by South African surgeon Dr. Christiaan Barnard.
How many heart transplants were done in China in 2019? There were 679 heart transplants.
Why does the heart have to be transplanted very quickly? Because the heart can only last for 4-6 hours outside of the body.
What are some of the requirements for the person receiving the new heart? They must be in the same geographical location as the donor and have the same blood type and body size as the donor.
How long did the patient with the first artificial heart survive? The patient survived for five months.
How is a 3D printer different from a regular printer? Traditional printers use a flat surface, whereas a 3D printer uses depth and is able to build layers.
What is the benefit of 3D printing organs? The patient’s own cells would be used to create the organ, solving the problem of finding organ donors and reducing waiting time.
Indoor Air Pollution & Air Fresheners
Vocabulary
Odor: An unpleasant smell.
Pollutant: Any substance that causes harm to air, soil, or water.
Exposure: Lack of protection from something harmful.
So-called: Used to show that something is not described in a suitable way.
Organic: Made without the use of chemicals.
Compound: A thing made up of two or more elements.
Fragrance: A pleasant smell.
Perfume: A liquid made from flowers to put on skin to give a pleasant smell.
Concern: Worry.
Questions & Answers
What are air fresheners used for? They are used to remove unpleasant odors from the home.
Name some conditions caused by indoor air pollution: Asthma, headaches, runny nose, coughing, and breathing difficulties.
Name some sources of indoor air pollution: Air fresheners, candles, incense, and cleaning products.
Name some places where air fresheners are used: Offices, stores, hospitals, restaurants, schools, and airports.
What is the problem with “green” air fresheners? They can still contain dangerous compounds because there is no regulation on how the terms “green” or “organic” can be used on non-food products.
What can be done instead of using air fresheners? Remove the source of the smell, open the windows, use fans, and clean regularly.
What is a fragrance-free policy? It is a policy that limits or bans the use of air fresheners and other products with fragrances in public places.