Pre-Renaissance and Romantic Literature in Spain
Pre-Renaissance
Narrative
Romances
Ballads: Anonymous compositions of popular broadcast by minstrels.
Romance: Manifestation of the most important traditional folk poetry.
Old ballads: Romance set of compounds in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries.
New romances: Romances written by poets educated in the sixteenth and seventeenth century.
Source: Considered that are closely linked to the epics and the epic.
Metrics: Compositions of varying length formed by eight syllable verse with the same rhyme and assonance in pairs in the odd loose.
Author: The authors of the romances were anonymous.
Main features:
- Mix of narrative and dialogue.
- Fragmentarismo narrative: The romance focuses on a particular time of the action, usually the most important and often interrupted before the denouement.
- Abundance of repetitions.
- Utilización expressive formulas to try to attract the intention of the listener.
- Empleo the historical present.
- Sencillez expressive resources.
Classified under:
- Romances of epic or heroic theme: They are inspired by events and characters of heroic epic poetry.
- Historical Romances or news: They deal with historical events near the composition of romance. Highlights the border.
- Romantic and lyrical Romance: From item sentimental or chivalric love.
Books of Chivalry
This type of fiction has its roots in the Middle Ages, as its first signs appear in the late thirteenth or early fourteenth, but the funny thing is its very long journey in Spanish literature and that continued until the early seventeenth century.
Amadis of Gaul: The author of Amadis of Gaul was Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo or Garci Ordonez.
Amadis of Gaul tells the fantastic deeds and adventures of Amadis, to deserve the love of his beloved Oriana, fighting knights, giants and enchanters to defeat the Western Emperor and retire with her to the Firm Island.
Lyrical
Learned poetry. Jorge Manrique
Verses on the death of his father
This 40-foot broken couplets, each stanza consists of two sextuplet will follow this rhyme scheme:
8a 8b 4c 8a 8b 4c
8d 8e 4f 8d 8e 4f
The themes of the songs are transience of worldly things, the instability of fortune, the equalizing power of death and the importance of fame.
They are divided into:
- General Considerations the brevity of life and death.
- Fugacidad of things in the world, over time
- Evocación of dead celebrities, which serve to illustrate the above.
- Recuerdo and eulogy of the master Don Rodrigo Manrique, his father.
- Visita death of Don Rodrigo, and dialogue between the two.
- Death of Don Rodrigo.
Theater
La Celestina
Editions:
- 1st Burgos (1499)
- 2nd and 3rd Toledo (1500) Sevilla (1501)
- 4th Seville, Salamanca and Burgos (1502)
- 5th Burgos (1507)
The author is Fernando Rojas your name written in acrostic verses.
Argument:
Callisto, a smart guy and upper class has seen in a garden, something away from the city, the beautiful Melibea, and is in love with her. Again find in the city, near the church, and she communicates her feelings, she dismisses him angrily. Calisto back home and confesses his love and sympathy to his servant Sempronius. It proposes to use the old Celestina as intermediary, to soften the harshness of Melibea.
Celestina get to go to the mansion Melibea and intercedes for the love, overcome their shyness and get the girl up to Callisto. Sempronius and Parmeno, Calisto’s servants, according to Celestina, want to exploit the passion of his master, who had offered the old gold chain if achieved its purpose. The servants claim their share of the old, who refuses, they kill it and run. But they are caught and killed for justice.
Calisto Melibea often visit your garden by climbing a rope ladder, being in it, there is a fight in the street. The boy, thinking that one of their new servants have problems, want to intervene in it and falls down the stairs into the void. Callisto dies, and Melibea, to know, climbs a tower and jumps from the top.
The play ends with the cry of Pleberio, Melibea father.
Characters:
- Calisto
- Melibea
- Parmeno and Sempronius
- Celestina
Romantic 1st ½ S. XIX
Historical Context
Politics: The emergence of romanticism coincides with the crisis of the absolute monarchy in Europe tends to be replaced by constitutional and parliamentary government, democratically elected. It also develops nationalism.
Society: A consequence of the industrial revolution and the development of commerce, the bourgeoisie becomes the ruling social class. Also arises liberalism, ideological movement that advocates economic and political freedom and individual rights.
Culture: On the philosophical idealism, which maintains the dominance of the spirit and ideas on the subject.
Lyrical
Topics:
- Author’s personal feelings. The most repeated are those that arise from dissatisfaction with the world and toward life in general and is granted great importance to the non-rational.
- Rebellion and escape. The escape from reality, a product of dissatisfaction with the world around him, leads the writer through the paths of the imagination, exotic worlds, distant and unknown.
- Nature and landscape. The landscape description fits the author’s feelings. Thus predominantly sad and gloomy landscapes or those expressing uqe tormented soul.
José de Espronceda
Prototype of the romantic rebel, liberal and exalted, was born in Almendralejo (Badajoz) in 1808.
At fifteen he had already created the Numantines, a secret society, founded with his friends for conspiring against King Fernando VII.
Works:
- The Student of Salamanca: A lyrical and narrative long poem of about two thousand verses which tells the legend of the young libertine and infidel Don Felix de Montemar, who arrived to witness their own funeral.
- The Devil World: Lyric and philosophical over eight thousand lines and stanzas that combine various rhythms.
- Other compositions: Is involved a number of human figures socially marginalized: the pirate song, song of the Cossacks, the executioner, the person sentenced to death and the Pauper.
Becquer
Rhymes
The first publication was in 1871, already dead Becquer, his friends published the first editions of the rhyme which represents the set of all his poetry.
The most common themes are, and in this order:
- Poetry (rhymes I-XI) which is linked to sentiment and mystery
- Love, more or less hopeful (rhymes XII-XXIX) and tinged with a certain optimism.
- Disappointment in love (rhymes XXX-LI), with the feelings that this causes: melancholy, sadness, disappointment and pain.
- Loneliness and despair (from LII to end), along with bitter reflections on the meaning of life and fear death.
Prose
The subgenera
Historical novel
Definition: The action takes place in the past, preferably in the Middle Ages, and historical facts based on which it intends often used as an excuse to build a legendary character intrigue, with great passions, mysterious environments, and so on. …
Artists: The founders were the Scots and Frenchmen Walter Scott Alexander Dumas and Victor Hugo.