Planning and Control in Business Administration
PLANNING
Definition:
- According to Charlet: A set plan of measures taken with a view to the execution of a project.
- As Gergen: The careful selection of the nature and purpose of any appropriate means to achieve them.
- According to Castro: The administrative process of choosing and making the best methods for satisfying the specific policies and achievements of a target.
- According to Terry: Defines how to choose and relate facts to provide and formulate proposals that involve activities required to achieve results and needs.
Principles of Operations Planning
- Rationale: Established demands that given objectives are specific, framed within reality, and respond to social dynamics.
- Forecast: This principle involves fixing a clear timetable for implementing the planned actions.
- Unit: Unit plans must give words to form an organic, harmonic, and coherent integration.
- Flexibility: The plan or plans must be flexible and adaptable, meaning they must take the necessary precautions to provide mechanisms for coping with the changes taking place.
- Simplify, Standardization: The goals should be simple, and products should seek standardization in the same way as their procedures.
- Interference or Inmor: It requires that all public administration or planning, to achieve its private and financial objectives, be prepared for social changes. Otherwise, the conduction has negative results.
- Continuity: Planning should be an ongoing process, with one plan being formulated while others are being implemented. Lack of continuity is against the principles of rationality.
Proceedings of Planning
- Formulation: This process involves the preparation of the plan, starting with the diagnosis and prognosis. Different and appropriate technical planning tools should be used for each type of program.
- Discussion and Approval: This stage should involve senior management units, auxiliary means, counseling (advice), as well as external sectors linked to the organization’s interests.
- Execution: Once the plan is developed, it rests with the executive units to execute their programs and subprograms.
- Control and Enhancement: The essence of these processes is to control the fulfillment of goals in the various programs.
COORDINATION
Definition:
- As Jimenez Castro: The integrated process by which parties meet each other so that it functions smoothly and harmoniously, with each sector or individual giving its maximum contribution to the whole to satisfy the social objectives of the particular companies.
- According to Charles Terry: Coordination is the orderly synchronization of efforts, a useful tool for implementing them in terms of amount, time, and steering, including the results of specific and harmonic actions that tend toward the target.
CONTROL AND IMPROVEMENT
Definition:
- Seun Henry Fayol: To check if everything is done according to the program, tailored to the orders and administrative principles imparted, intended to identify failures and errors so that they can be repaired and prevented from recurring.
- As Terry Goergen: The processes for determining what is being carried out, exploiting it, and taking corrective measures if necessary so that the execution is carried out according to plan.
- Jimenes as Castro: For effective control, there needs to be awareness of the social objectives and a corporate unit coordinating all efforts to obtain, by its means, a coordinated effort to facilitate and enable the exchange of information and analysis of the facts.
Conditions for Control
Preparation and Nature
- Objectives: To allow definite orientation and corrections when necessary.
- Efficiency: To clarify responsibility between what is planned and organized.
- Guideline: Maintenance of proper procedures that allow management to exercise its functions.
- Projection: To guide future activities based on the past and present.
According to Organizational Structure and Plans
- Must be based on plans; without these, conditions for control do not exist, and driving through them ensures compliance with the plan.
Agree with Your Process
- Controls require techniques, methods, and experience to be applied effectively and therefore need certain conditions and principles, including:
- The establishment of standard measures to allow quantifiable measures of quality and control.
IMPROVEMENT
Definition: The process that applies to the government of a company (structure), whether public or private, and their respective functions, to measure their degree of effectiveness, efficiency, and objectives and goals achieved.
Types of Improvement
- Formal: Takes place with the application of techniques and assessment tools.
- Informal: Undertaken by the staff, who not only value their own activities but also those of higher levels, reaching top management.
COMMUNICATION
Definition:
- As Jimenez Castro: Defined as the process of verbal and written exchange to transmit visual information and meet criteria, thoughts, and aspirations that may influence the behavior of individuals in formal and informal groups.
- Melinkoff stipulating: Defines it as the process by which a communicator agent transmits or trades orders, matter, ideas, advice, information, facts, or attitudes to a receiving agent, using all means available to it.
Basic Elements of Communication
- A communicator who sends or transmits, says, or expresses an idea or opinion.
- What is transmitted: It can be orders, ideas, policies, or data.
- The essence of what it conveys: The cause of the communication.
- A receiver who receives the communication.
- The reaction that the received communication produces.
Note: The original text contained several spelling and grammatical errors, which have been corrected in this version.