Photosynthesis, Respiration, and Cell Biology: Key Concepts
Where Plants Get Their Mass
Where do plants get most of their mass? The air
Energy Carriers in Photosynthesis and Respiration
Which of the following is NOT an energy carrier involved in either Photosynthesis or Cellular Respiration? G3P
Light Reactions in Photosynthesis
Which of the following are generated by light reactions in photosynthesis? Energy carriers
Location of Photosynthesis Reactions
Where do the light reactions of photosynthesis take place? Thylakoids of the chloroplasts
Where does the Calvin Cycle of photosynthesis take place? Stroma of the chloroplasts
Calvin Cycle Products
Which of the following are generated by the Calvin Cycle in photosynthesis? Glucose
Glycolysis and Its Products
Where does glycolysis take place Cytosol
What is the product of glycolysis? Pyruvate
Fermentation
Fermentation in your muscles during strenuous exercise produces Lactic acid
Krebs Cycle and Oxidative Phosphorylation
Where do the Kreb’s Cycle and Oxidative Phosphorylation take place? Mitochondria
What is produced by the Kreb’s Cycle? Energy carriers
ATP Production in Cellular Respiration
Which stage of cellular respiration produces the most ATP? Oxidative Phosphorylation
Which stage of cellular respiration uses oxygen? Oxidative Phosphorylation
Prokaryotic Cell Division
Prokaryotic cells make new cells through which process? Binary fission
DNA Synthesis in the Cell Cycle
In which phase of the cell cycle does DNA synthesis occur? S phase
Karyotype Definition
What is a karyotype? A picture of your chromosomes
Mitosis and Chromosome Number
If a cell normally has 20 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will be in each of the two daughter cells after mitosis? 20
Meiosis and Chromosome Number
If a cell normally has 20 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will be in each of the four daughter cells after meiosis? 10
Cancer and Genes
Are there genes that cause cancer? No, but there are genes which increase the risk of cancer
Tumor Suppressor Genes
Tumor suppressor genes code for All of the above
Cancer Treatment
Which of the following is NOT a treatment for cancer? Antibiotics
Photosynthesis Statement
Fill in the blanks in the statement below using the bold words. Two of these words will not be used, each word will be used only one. At the end of the light reactions in photosynthesis, WATER molecules are split into H+ ions and O2 molecules. The electrons left over from this process go down an ELECTRON transport chain. This chain sets up a concentration gradient of PROTONS which then flow through specialized proteins to make ATP.
Stages of Cellular Respiration
List the three stages of cellular respiration in order.Glycolysis, Kreb’s Cycle, Oxidative Phosphorylation
Aerobic and Anaerobic Reactions
Fill in the blanks in the statement below using the bold terms. Two of these words will not be used, each word will be used only one. GLYCOLYSIS does not require oxygen; therefore, it is a(n) ANAEROBIC reaction. OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION requires oxygen; therefore, it is a(n) AEROBIC reaction.
Apoptosis and Mitosis Phases
Define “apoptosis”- Programed cell death
List the four phases of mitosis in order. Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
Sexual vs. Asexual Reproduction
What is the advantage of sexual reproduction through meiosis over asexual reproduction by mitosis? Sexual reproduction through mitosis increases the genetic diversity of the offspring
Cancer Cell Growth Regulators
Fill in the blanks in the statement below using the bold terms. Two of these words will not be used, each word will be used only one. Cancer is caused by a malfunction in cell growth regulators. If POSITIVE growth regulators are damaged, cells will grow rapidly. If NEGATIVE growth regulators are damaged, cells will become immortal and will not die through APOPTOSIS.
Mutagens
List two external agents (mutagens) which cause DNA mutations- Ionizing radiation, chemical mutagens, viruses, chronic injury, lifestyle factors (diet, exercise)
Avoidable Cancer Risk Factors
List four avoidable risk factors for developing cancer
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
Explain how Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration are complementary pathways. The reactants of photosynthesis are the products of cellular respiration, and the reactants of cellular respiration are the products of photosynthesis. Cellular respiration produces CO2 and H2O. Photosynthesis uses CO2 and H2O to produce glucose and O2. Glucose and O2 are then used in cellular respiration, and the cycle repeats itself.
What is an enzyme catalyzed reaction? Give one example.An enzyme catalyzed reaction is a chemical reaction that is sped up or made easier by a specific enzyme. Examples include the breakdown of lactose sugar into glucose and galactose using the lactase enzyme (lab). Other examples include all parts of photosynthesis and cellular respiration which use a variety of enzymes to lower the energy required and increase the efficiency of the process (lecture)
Autosomes vs. Sex Chromosomes
What is the difference between autosomes and sex chromosomes? Autosomes are the regular chromosomes (1-22 in humans). They contain the majority of the genetic information. Sex chromosomes are the chromosomes which determine the sex of the individual (X and Y in humans).
Mitosis vs. Meiosis
Explain two differences between mitosis and meiosis. Mitosis– Results in 2 diploid daughter cells, DNA same as parent cell, Goes through PMAT once. Meiosis- Results in 4 haploid daughter cells, ½ of the DNA of the parent cell, Goes through PMAT twice
Normal vs. Cancer Cells
What is different between normal cells and cancer cells? Why are Henrietta Lack’s tumor cells so important? Normal cells grow and divide slowly, and go through apoptosis (programmed cell death). Cancer cells grow and divide rapidly and do not go through apoptosis (they are immortal). Henrietta Lack’s tumor cells are so important because they were the first cancer cells grown in a lab. Her tumor cells continue to grow and divide to this day and are still being used in many different areas of research.