Perception: The New Look in Psychology
The New Look in Psychology
Around 1950, American psychologists like Jerome Bruner and Leo Postman introduced a new concept to Gestalt theory, called the “New Look”.
Sensory Images and Prior Arrangements
They argued that sensory images (sight, sound, touch, smell) are influenced by prior arrangements within the perceiver. Our perception acts as a “tuned body,” interpreting stimuli based on knowledge, experience, and feelings.
Stimuli Selection and Personality
Stimuli selection relates to our personality. We choose what to perceive, much like selecting a radio or TV program. For example, someone needing to buy clothes is more likely to notice clothing stores.
Determinants of Perception
The New Look school identifies two types of factors that determine perception:
Structural Determinants
These relate to the qualities of the perceived object and biological aspects. Our perception is shaped by real-world conditions and the human nervous system.
Motivational Determinants
These are more personal, relating to individual characteristics and psychological states. They involve needs, tensions, and values rather than cognitive knowledge.
Hypotheses Related to Motivational Determinants:
- Bodily needs influence perception.
- Personality characteristics create predispositions that determine typical forms of perception.
- Individual values determine the speed of stimuli recognition.
- Perceived object size depends on the value assigned to them by the perceiver.
Meaningful Perception
Perception is not just about forms and structures; it’s about assigning meaning to perceived objects. Perceiving involves organizing, naming, and interpreting objects.