Ortega y Gasset’s Philosophy: Principles, Influences, and Key Concepts
OYG thought in his work entitled “What is philosophy?
“ defines this discipline as “the radical study of the entire universe, and presents some main features, in turn, help to clarify the definition above.
A) Principle of autonomy :
following Descartes, Ortega maintains that the philosopher can not borrow the truths conquered by other knowledge, at least as regards the foundations of philosophical inquiry must accept as true only what he shows himself with evidence. It is precisely this desire for autonomy of philosophy which will lead to our philosopher in search of a fact that this absolute evidence of a world first and radical (the living) and lead him to question the most basic beliefs from the point of view of the natural attitude, the attitude that flows spontaneously in life.
B) Principle of pantonomía or universalism:
the sciences (biology, physics, chemistry …) are interested in each one part of reality, the philosophy, however, makes for the whole, the universe in general , this being the sum of “all there”, the set of all things, both existing and merely thought, imagined or desired. One might object that the philosopher is also interested in ethics, aesthetics, epistemology, anthropology, and in order to study these disciplines delimit a part of reality. However, in each of these investigations “particular”, the philosopher makes an assessment of the region of being that interests you (the moral, beauty, truth, human beings) and considered in relation to the whole Actually, with all, in this frame a particular situation in which all forms, philosophy discoverssense of things, being present in all of them. This means that for Ortega y Gasset‘s philosophy is what we traditionally identify with the ontology:
The study of being, what is the essence and the main categories of being.
C) Philosophy is a theoretical knowledge: because knowledge is a set of precise concepts, based on the exercise of reason and disciplined by fidelity to the logic and rules of argumentation (Ortega is against mysticism), and because theoretical knowledge is outside the concern about the domino technical philosophy as the world gives no concrete rules for the transformation of reality and the construction of objects. However, we must not believe that this “futility” of philosophy do unimportant; on the contrary, Ortega has two reasons that make the essential knowledge in philosophy: first, try to satisfy one of the most important dimensions and indispensable for human life, as is the desire for knowledge, the pursuit of truth about the world, in addition, philosophy has what we might call ‘existential value “as often stated, man is lost in a shipwreck and that wreck existence theories, particularly the philosophical orientation let you in reality.
Influences OYG
I. Oles españ intellectual movements: the Krausismo, the generation n of 98 (mainly with which Unamuno had a relació na contro both cordial and mica, for Unamuno from No to Europe and science) and movement regenerationist. N situació criticized the intellectual, social and political thought ay tica of Spain who needed a radical renovació No Requesting the philosophy Incorporació n aa cultural life.
II. Philosophy in German: With the AFA n to move to our coun s the best of philosophy went to study in Germany, where he absorbed the neo-Kantian ideas first and thené s of phenomenology a. The German philosophy was always present in his thought.1. In its first stage, objectivism (until 1914). In Germany studied Kantian philosophy, especially with the neo-Kantian Neo-Kantianism Natorp.Del Cohen and assimilated the spirit of his philosophy Spi a, fruitful for their interests but also vital for the future No from Spain, so needed to overcome the subjectivism and personalism and into modernity. Consider that the main thing is not subjective and individual but the pursuit of the big reason, an exercise that links us to The business with the objective, universal and science and philosophy a. 2. The second phase of his thought (Perspective, 1914-1923), Ortega does not ask as much Europeanized Spain to radically change the entire European culture and its purpose and is not modernity but superació n of modernity. At the root of today’s Europe is the rationalism and idealism, and since Europe is in crisis, the solució n (and the solutionNo problems from Spain) will exceed the rationalism and idealism, but without returning to previous ficas insufficient philosophical forms, such as relativism or realismo.3. Dilthey, mainly in the third and final step ú of his thought (big reason doctrine of life): In his reivindicació No history to understand human reality (doctrine of rich historical big reason), and the importance of “understand” or “understanding” as opposed to “explain” the “sciences sicas fc” fc explain the phenomena less musicians with objective laws and causal, the “human or social sciences” should worry ma s to apprehend the different “senses” present in each of its manifestations, always linked to vital programs, desires, beliefs and feelings of loved humanos.4. Nietzsche always showed a special predilecció n by his thought, while avoiding falling into irrationalism and relativism, as feature for sticosHowever of the perspectival Nietzsche.Concepció n verdad.Defensa of life, values and life dimensions are not strictly rational person. 5. The phenomenology of intentionality Husserl.La defense as one of the feature for sticas major life psychic quic. No assertions of fidelity to the things themselves overcome the empirical approach requires accepting the possibility that in addition s is intuitively give us strictly non-fl sicas as the values and mathematical objectivities ties. The current preoccupations n this was to make philosophy to rest on a firm foundation (in a really fundamental and radical) discovered from a reflexió No separate and distinct from any other knowledge (religious commu-sense, scientific ficos ), a requirement that Ortega said in his principle of autonomy, for the phenomenology of that “ultimate reality” is consciousness and life Ortega. 6. Ay Phenomenology Heidegger’s existentialism with whom Ortega’s thought bears a clear affinity, And a very prominent way in regard to our author DESCRIPTION offers of class as life, very close to Heidegger did ana lysis of human existence. III. Near, but not influence, with the existentialist Sartre for the idea, na comú both authors, that the man has no nature or essence because its going to be doing or building in life, and in DESCRIPTION the situació n native to the human being as “ufrago nothin ‘in life, such as not having a guided and given n beforehand and having continually to choose and freely decide the life one has to perform.