Network Types and Interconnection
Network Types
LAN (Local Area Network)
Private area, campus. Fast and low error rates.
WAN (Wide Area Network)
Extensive areas. Use telecommunications infrastructure companies. Error rate
MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)
Area around town. Speed and error rates between LAN and WAN
PAN (Personal Area Network)
Few meters personal use. Piloñeta bread bluethoth
MAC (Media Access Control)
The MAC is the physical address recorded in the ROM of the NIC (network interface control) alone has 48 bits long (12 hexadecimal digits).
Modify your MAC:
Is a trace that allows to know since the PC has sent a trama. It can be changed as it makes a copy in RAM when initializing the NIC.
Media Access Control
Ring, bus) use the witness unemployment token passing, ring: token ring. bus token bus)
Token Ring:
- Token 1 is constantly circulated by the anillo
- When it comes to A takes, if not to convey anything it forwards to B
- B now wants to send packets ad, b takes the token and stores it and sends the packet to D.
- C reaches the packet as it is for, it forwards to D.
- D copies the packet and forwards it to A.
- A forwards the packet to B (issuer) B is removed from the medium and sends the token to C.
Token Bus
Similar to a ring network logic
Star
CSMA (Multiple Access with Collision Detection)
As it increases the probability of collision is higher and also the time to resolve, the performance of the network disminuye. Solucion / segment the network into subnets, the central node must function by switching rather than by diffusion.
Diffusion-controlled or Frame Relay
The plots are sent to all puertos. Semiduplex (can not have 2 screens at once). Increased rendimiento. Dispositivos stations = decrease of layer 1.
Switching (Switch Hub)
The plot sends destino. Conmutacion dúplex. Dispositivos port Layer 2
Sfc (delimitation of the beginning of plot). Lo (trama max APPLIC length 1530 bytes)
FCS (frame check sequence), when you switch to a frame arrives reads a destination address and transmit the frame to the corresponding port, the switch have a table where they are related by connecting doors mac. Al 1 time table is empty, using a broadcast message associated with the mac ports.
Packages
Broadcast:
Diffusion. Data are sent to all devices on the network.
Multicast:
Are packets that are sent to a subset of network addresses.
Unicast:
Data sent to a single network destination, the switch works in full duplex mode this means that LAN 10/100Mbs the real w.
Interconnection of Networks, Collision Domains:
No station can compete simultaneously by using the middle (generating collisions), broadcast domain: No station can receive packets bradcast.
Physical layer interconnection 1 layer)
Interconnection at link (2 capa).
Smart link: filter and switch depending on the network segment mac. Permite dividing collision domains and not so much the network performance. (Bridges, bridges) 2 ports, link networks, oldest management software.
2 switch layer devices manage hardware + can implement fast and efficient vlan, allows virtual logic gates.
Interconnection network layer (capa 3)
The packets are redirected based on their content, physical address is no longer logical but this segmentation can divide broadcast domains (ip), when a station does not know the destination mac no choice but to question all (broadcast) a problem common broadcast storm: defective devices that inject broadcast frames to collapse the network, should be reduced to the max being broadcast domains storms closed in very small domains. Devices 3 Level: router. Switch, and types of router as a platform:
- Hardware devices (reliable > performance).
- PC need 2 normal nicks and enable support for routing or application install especifica.
Segun interface: router wan: incorporating modems to connect to the WAN (adsl router used as gateways to internet. Routers Neutral: connect 2 internets diferentes
Funcionamiento: the router always connects 2 or more networks or subnets with different IP network connection is made through ports (interfaces) each interface has an IP compatible network, the router is not isolated but routers connected to other router packets are passed to routers
Alto or internally has metric routing tables, initially only knows the ip of their ports and therefore the networks to which this conectado. Completar tables can be done manually or automatically by dinamicos
Que protocols allows the routers to communicate among themselves and choose the best route adecuada. Protocolos dynamic (rip, osfpf, bgp, internet) the admin only has to activate protocolos. También can be made statically (manually) from this does not have the capacity to adapt to changes in network topology.