Natural vs Artificial Languages: Semantics, Syntax, and Logic
Natural and Artificial Languages
Natural and artificial language: Language is a social phenomenon based on the ability of our species to communicate through symbols. The symbols are a type of sign. A sign is anything that evokes something else in some respect for someone. For something to be a sign, it must meet the following requirements: 1) have a meaning, 2) that there is an interpreter for which the sign is. The signs can be classified according to their relationship with the meaning of three types: 1) tracks: natural relationship with meaning. 2) imaging: Value of likeness (photo, portrait). 3) symbol: hand to hand to symbol.
For logic, it is very important to distinguish between natural languages and artificial languages.
Natural Languages
They are products of mindless evolution of populations and are linked to ethnic groups or specific communities. It is the language used by a language community and is acquired through socio-cultural learning. They are considered natural because their learning is spontaneous in the early years of our lives. Natural languages consist of a finite number of symbols and a number of rules for sentence formation. Linguistics teaches us that the possibilities for use of our language are practically limitless. Mastery of a language is constantly mixed to produce new sentences. Different contexts of language we use for many different purposes, including to advertise or discover also echo ourselves.
Artificial Languages
Natural languages are products of conscious design or agreements, more or less arbitrary conventions established by communities. They require learning by specialists, deliberate and planned.
Distinction Between Natural and Artificial Language
It seems very simple, but by looking well, it is established that natural languages have also been built along man’s relationship with its environment. Its nuanced richness and its ambiguity are the reflection of this relationship. Also, artificial languages are the product of that relationship with the environment and result of the need to control scientifically. Languages are precision built by scientists to give rigor to their respective sciences. There is a curious paradox: while natural languages, based on a universal feature of our species, tend to be fragmented, artificial languages diversify and become universal languages such as mathematics. Natural language does not open a huge field of expressive possibilities and communication, but is also full of ambiguities and uncertainties that make it unsound.
Semantic Inaccuracies
There is no one-to-one correspondence between words and their meanings. This leads to polysemy and context necessary to understand what is meant by the terms of our language is unambiguous, and similar mistakes. Univocal: said of a subject always in the same manner and to respect absolutely the same. Wrong: it says so totally different from something completely different (Cape). Analogues: said different things at hand in the same way (healthy-healthy).
Syntactic Inaccuracies
The rules of syntax can also produce inaccuracies that allow us to construct sentences confusing or meaningless statements. Redundant combinations are also characteristic of natural languages and fall into insoluble paradoxes. Hangman paradox paradox occurs because the natural language the only one to refer to itself so that we can distinguish object language and metalanguage. The language we use to talk about language we call this meta-language is a language from the previous object. In conclusion, the natural language is not appropriate for the theoretical constructs of science or for the expression of complex reasoning that demand precision that are necessary for artificial languages. An artificial language is a well-defined language that is built to overcome the language definitions natural two steps: 1) overcome the vagueness of the words and uses ambiguous. A) redefining the concepts of natural language. B) Using symbols artificial based on a two-way relationship. 2) using operational rules effective to make impossible contradictions paradoxes.
Logic and Reasoning
That is the logic and it is necessary: why is a mental process and imagine or remember which We understand certain conclusions from data that we have both the conclusions and data are expressed in statements so that reason is removed or infer certain statements (conclusions) from other statements (premises) so the reasoning is the process which gives the residue of one or more statements to another post that it necessarily follows. Reasoning is a characteristic and spontaneous thought, but not always reason correctly that they do not come to the conclusion that derives from the premises is not always perform a correct inference. The psychological study of knowledge as an act of reasoning as an activity subject however the logic is interested as a result or product of the reason why studies the structure of reasoning which is formally valid reasoning is the relationship between premises and conclusions, as that relationship the arguments are valid or invalid but never a right or wrong reasoning is valid when its premises are necessarily true conclusion is, too. The validity or correctness of an argument is independiente.de the truth or falsity of its premises and its conclusion is decisive that it is impossible to understand reasoning is correct and its premises are true and its conclusion false.
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