Mastering Advanced English Terms and Usage

Posted on Feb 5, 2026 in Business Administration and Management (BAM)

Essential Vocabulary and Phrases

  • quarter (4분의 1)
  • unconventional (비전통적인)
  • outward manifestation (겉으로 드러나는 징후)
  • disordered chemical (이상이 생긴 화학 물질)
  • generates (만들어 내다, 발생시키다)
  • fit (건강한)
  • resign (사임하다)
  • embezzle (횡령하다)
  • contender (경쟁자)
  • exhibitor (참가자, 출품자)
  • representative (대표, 대표자)
  • autodidact (독학자)
  • autonomy (자율성)
  • on your own (스스로)
  • are less likely to (~할 가능성이 더 적다)
  • information literacy (정보 활용 능력)
  • taught herself (독학, 자습하다)
  • a bunch of (다수의)
  • deal with (~다루다)
  • starting out (시작하다)
  • nonprofit (비영리단체)
  • looked after (~맡다, 돌보다)

Business and Contract Terminology

  • We will adjourn the meeting at 3 p.m. (회의를 폐회하다)
  • He breached the rule. (위반하다)
  • Please read the terms of contract carefully. (계약 조건)
  • This plan has many merits. (장점)
  • We will extend the deadline. (연장하다)
  • They submitted a tender for the project. (입찰)
  • I want to inquire about the price. (묻다)
  • We have a backlog of work. (밀린 일)
  • Safety training is mandatory. (의무적인)
  • She played a pivotal role in the team. (중심이 되는)

Grammar Focus: Conjunctions and Prepositions

“Now That” Usage

Now that = 지금 이 상황 때문에 (something just changed or is true now)

Example: Now that my exams are over, I can sleep all day.

“By” vs. “Until” (Completion vs. Duration)

By: Indicates completion by a specific time (까지 끝남).

Until: Indicates duration up to a specific time (~까지 지속됨).

  • I’ll finish my goal by next year; until then, I’ll keep growing.
  • I’ll become organized by next month; until then, my desk is “under creative construction.”

Correlative Conjunctions: Not A Nor B

Meaning: A도 아니고 B도 아니다.

  • I am not afraid nor discouraged by challenges. (나는 도전에 겁먹지 않고, 낙담하지도 않는다.)
  • I am not defined by my failures nor by others’ opinions. (나는 실패로, 다른 사람들의 평가로 정의되지 않는다.)

Note: Not only A but also B means “A뿐만 아니라 B도”.

Practice Questions and Explanations

Practice Question 1: Correlative Conjunctions

The Olive Buffet accepts ______ personal checks nor credit cards, so customers must pay in cash.

  1. either
  2. neither (Correct Answer)
  3. both
  4. not only

Explanation: The presence of nor requires the use of neither to form the correlative conjunction pair neither A nor B (A도 아니고 B도 아니다).

Advanced Terminology and Scientific Concepts

  • draw conclusions (결론을 내다)
  • get the ball rolling (시작하다)
  • atmosphere (대기권)
  • lithosphere (대륙권, 암석권)
  • deciphered (해독하다)
  • continents (대륙)
  • Tectonic plates (지각판)
  • earthquake-prone (지진이 일어나기 쉬운)
  • plate tectonics (판 구조론)

Eligibility Phrases

  • be eligible to (~할 자격이 되다)
  • be entitled to (~에 자격이 되다)

Practice Question 2: Eligibility

6. Full-time employees are —— to apply for the comprehensive health insurance plans.

  1. eligible (Correct Answer)
  2. capable
  3. flexible
  4. valuable

Explanation: The phrase be eligible to means ‘to be qualified for’ (~할 자격이 되다). Comprehensive means 종합적인.

Practice Question 3: Adverbs Modifying Numbers

8. It will take —— one hour or even more to reach the conference center depending upon the traffic conditions.

  1. enough
  2. somewhat
  3. exceedingly
  4. approximately (Correct Answer)

Explanation: Approximately is the adverb used to modify numerical values (숫자를 수식하는 부사).

Practice Question 4: Adverb of Time

9. B-Doctor Health Clinic, established in 1970, ——- provides various health care services.

  1. soon
  2. still (Correct Answer)
  3. later
  4. once

Explanation: Since the clinic was established in 1970 and continues to provide services, still (“여전히”) is the correct adverb. Also noted: in a timely manner (시기적절하게, 적시에).

Practice Question 5: Quantifiers

14. Most people choose to buy Miti Electronics products because the company offers an eight-year guarantee on ——- items.

  1. any of the + items
  2. each
  3. all (Correct Answer)
  4. every + 단수명사

Explanation: All is the most appropriate quantifier here, guaranteeing the warranty applies to all items. Note that every requires a singular noun.

Practice Question 6: Prefer To

11. Many advertisers prefer the Internet to —— promotional media because of its easy accessibility and low costs.

  1. other (Correct Answer)
  2. another + 단수명사
  3. others (대명사)
  4. each other

Explanation: The structure prefer A to B is used for comparison. Other is needed to modify the plural noun phrase ‘promotional media’.

Practice Question 7: Reciprocal Pronouns

12. Both the Red Lion Suites and the Clarks Inn have modern amenities, so travelers should compare one hotel against ——.

  1. other
  2. the other (Correct Answer)
  3. another
  4. neither

Explanation: When comparing two specific items (Both hotels), we use one and the other (one hotel against the other hotel).

Practice Question 8: Indefinite Pronouns (Any)

14. There is no paper in the copy room, so if your office has——, please let Andrew Higgins know immediately.

  1. it
  2. little
  3. any (Correct Answer)
  4. few

Explanation: Any is used here in a conditional clause (if your office has any [paper]) to refer to the uncountable noun paper mentioned previously. Little has a negative meaning, and few modifies countable nouns.

Further Vocabulary and Grammar Notes

Comparative Adjectives and Status

  • endangered (멸종 위기의)
  • extinct (멸종한) / go extinct (멸종하다)
  • deliberate (신중한, 조심스러운)
  • intense (강렬한)
  • vibrant (선명한)
  • elicit (이끌어내다, 유발하다)
  • deadly (치명적인, 아주 위험한) / deadly illness
  • end up going (결국 ~하게 되다)
  • entrepreneur’s opposite tendency (기업가의 반대 성향을 가진 사람; 돈벌이보다는 가치나 단순함, 균형을 더 중요하게 여기는 사람)
  • household name (모든 사람이 알고 있는 유명한 이름)
  • chameleon (카멜레온)
  • a majority of group
  • got rid of (제거하다)
  • ecopreneur
  • dropped out of (무엇에서 탈퇴하다, 중도 하차하다)

Fixed Comparative Structures

Superior to / Inferior to:

Superior to means ‘~보다 우월하다’, and inferior to means ‘~보다 열등하다’. These comparative expressions use to, not than.

Phrasal Verbs and Context

  • get into: ~에 관심을 갖게 되다
  • addressing: 대면해서 말하고 있다
  • revolution in knowledgeable (Original fragment retained)

Pronoun and Demonstrative Usage

  • Use those instead of that when referring to plural items.
  • Use those instead of them when referring to an unspecified plurality (불특정 다수).

Adverb Pairs (Meaning Shift)

Adjective/AdverbMeaningAdverb (L-Y form)Meaning
late늦게lately최근에
hard열심히hardly거의 ~하지 않다
high높이highly매우, 몹시
near가까이nearly거의

Quantifiers: Countable vs. Uncountable

  • Countable: many, a large number of, several, a few, few.
  • Uncountable: much, a little, little, a large amount of, a great deal of.
  • Both: all, most, some, any, no, a lot of [lots of, plenty of].

Adjective vs. Adverb

  • good: Used to modify nouns (명사 수식).
  • well: Used to modify verbs (동사 수식).