Logistics and Supply Chain Management: A Comprehensive Guide
1. DESCRIBE THE COMPONENTS OF THE STOCKS
The stock refers to items that stores the company, both necessary for the manufacture and those who are going to sell.
– Raw materials: products used for the manufacture and found in the warehouse waiting to be used in the production process.
– Semi-finished products: here are the current products, ie those who are waiting to be reintegrated into the next phase of the manufacturing process.
– Finished goods or merchandise: they are in storage waiting to be sold.
– Equipment and spare parts: the machinery and equipment used by the company for its activity, as well as pieces dedicated to the replacement of which are deteriorating in the machines of the production process.
– Different materials: they serve to keep the machines ready.
– Defective or obsolete products: those who have come out with any manufacturing defect or have become outdated for long remain unsold.
– Packaging: containers are those containers destined for benito, will market the product they contain. The packaging used to protect the packaged product during handling, storage and transport.
– Waste: In the production process generates waste or scrap surplus to those who either can not make any profit, chips, or you can take advantage somehow scrap.
2. CONCEPT AND PURPOSE OF THE LOGISTICS
Logistics is part of the supply chain that plans, coordinates and controls the efficient, effective flow and storage of goods, services and information linked from suppliers to the point of consumption to meet customer requirements.
The logistics business is concerned with the provision and management of raw materials, and the distribution of goods or services, taking charge of transportation, inventory maintenance, order processing, purchasing, product planning, packaging protection storage, processing of goods and storage.
Integrated logistics is the set of techniques and facilities to manage the flow of materials and information, and its main objective the satisfaction of needs for goods and services from a customer and market quality, quantity, location and time, maximizing satisfaction customer responsiveness and flexibility, and minimizing response times and costs.
3. WHAT ARE THE LOGISTICS ACTIVITIES?
Logistics combines the activities ordering of material flows, coordinating resources and demand to ensure a certain level of service at least cost.
Key activities:
customer service, transportation, inventory management, order processing.
Support activities:
storage, cargo handling, procurement, packaging, product planning, management of information.
The difference between core activities and support you based on some activities will always take place in any channel of logistics, while others develop only under certain circumstances and in certain companies.
4. What are the hidden costs?
Stockpiles are inventory are subject to various circumstances that involve a loss of real value, being the main causes for this momentous or anticuación obsolescence, deterioration and shortages.
– The anticuación, occurs when there is a technological change is sudden.
– Damage is given to poor handling of the article.
– Missing, motivated by theft or physical-chemical processes.
5. What ARE AND INVOLVING PURCHASES?
Are efforts to obtain materials, supplies and services. Involve purchasing goals define the need, selecting the supplier, to agree an acceptable price, prepare the contract and give effect to ensure proper delivery.
On purchases must be planned and managed well, resource-
supply, transportation and raw material stocks.
Stages in the procurement process:
– Previous operations: namely, the need and determine the conditions to meet the needs.
– Preparation: market research, pre-select suppliers.
– Implementation: review and purchase offers, choose the provider and make the order.
– Monitoring: to monitor the supply and demand, control of goods received.
– Operations derivatives: back packing, inventory management of materials and products purchased.
6. TRANSPORTATION IN LOGISTICS: IMPORTANCE CONTITUCIÓN, COST AND RIGHT CHOICE
Transportation cost is the single most important logistics company, freight movement absorbs between one third and two thirds of logistics costs.
Cheap transportation contributes to the reduction of prices of items.
The transport system is composed of networks through which shifts the burden and the EAM used in transport. The user must choose one that offers better balance between quality and cost of service.
The cost varies greatly depending on the service, air transport is the most expensive, while the pipeline is the cheapest. The comparison between the costs should always be based on actual costs of the goods specified product to be transported, the distance and direction of travel, and that may require special handling.
The delivery time and its variability is the most important factor in defining and evaluating transportation service.
The various modes of transport, they differ on whether or not they provide a direct connection between the points of origin and destination.
Loss and damage.
7. FACTORS TO EVALUATE THE PERFORMANCE OF TRANSPORT
–
Selection of transportation mode and
– Consolidation of shipments
– Establishment of transport routes.
– Distribution and planning of transport vehicles
8. WHAT IS AND WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF THE ROLE OF SUPPLY
The procurement function, is to buy the materials needed for the activity of the company and store while starting every process of production or marketing.
The aim is to provide the production department the necessary materials for the manufacture and sales of products to be marketed. And organize the various stocks that are generated in this process, this process is responsible for the purchasing or procurement.
9. EXPLAIN THE COMPONENTS OF THE ROLE OF APROVISINAMIENTO
It consists of three aspects:
Purchase: need or commercial production department has to take into account: the price, quality, delivery time, payment terms, etc. Involves the optimal selection of suppliers to maximize these variables. Are efforts to obtain materials, supplies and services. Objectives: to reduce breakage in stock, improve programming and service level, maximum approximation Just in time (JIT), increased availability of stock.
Cash: to save the purchased products to the production department needed. Once the product is manufactured, it also must be stored while the sales department does not sell to their customers. Need space and an organizational system for classifying and managing stocks.
– Inventory Management, determine the amount of inventory to be maintained and the pace of orders to meet the needs of the enterprise for the production and marketing ..
10. WHAT IS THE CYCLE OF SUPPLY? PON EXAMPLES
Is the period between the completion of the purchase and the time they are delivered the products sold to customers.
Production company:
Shopping ® Stock ® Stock ® Production ® Sales: production begins with the purchase of materials needed for production, which, while not in use, remain in stock (inventory). Once the products are manufactured are also in the warehouse until they are sold stocks. In stock movements are generated in four ways: input procurement, production output, input and output product manufactured product for sale.
Example: auto industry
Business:
Shopping ® Stocks ® Sales: means fewer movements, because the activity of the company is marketing and distributing a product. The cycle is reduced by two strokes, entries for purchases and sales outlets.
Example: supermarket
Also the included utilities are not commercial, such as a laundry, which has a warehouse with cleaning products and other supplies needed to provide the service.