Literary References in “Luces de Bohemia”
Literary references
“Luces de bohemia”
CONTENTS
– INTRODUCTION
– Bohemian Life
– Max Estrella and Alexander Sawa
– Soulinake or Ernesto Bark
– The “divine William”
– Ruben Dario
– The “Sonatas”
– Homer and Victor Hugo
– Gregory Pueyo Zarathustra
– “The Tartuffe by Molière
– Ciro Bayo
– Padre Luis Coloma
– Benedict the garbancero
– Unamuno
– Paul Verlaine
– Calderon de la Barca
– Armida
– Francisco Silvela
– Henrik Ibsen
– Blavatsky
– Juan Antonio Cavestany
– Hermanos Quintero
– Espronceda
INTRODUCTION
“Luces de bohemia”, play the Galician writer Valle, has achieved much more than a critical vision of Spain at the time. It has also become portraits of writers and journalists from European and South American that time, a whole huge description of the bohemian life. Trait that defines the art of Valle-Inclan is the cult of literatización, one of the most used in the art of parody, a characteristic modernist already left its mark on the“Sonatas” by the same author. However in this work of literary or artistic events generally dignified situation and the exquisiteness of the author, the characters and the overall atmosphere of the scenery. “When the story naturally gives me the opportunity to embed a sentence, a verse, a couplet or a letter from the time of the action, I am convinced that all is well. But if there is no chance that there is no doubt wrong, “said Valle own the magazine interviews.
In “Bohemian Lights”, however, dominates the absolute disproportion, outrageously texts crumble. The mental conflict between what is evoked by the quote and the reality of the situation that causes it, makes it almost impossible to distinguish some of them. These appointments, while filled with bitterness or disappointment, which give it that air grotesque. Either remembered in literary quotations“Luces de Bohemia” participates in a grimace of disappointment, of relentless call to the dreariness of everyday life. One might think that this collection of quotations is somewhat random, as required by the work environment – a group of bohemians dedicated to literature – where would frequent literary allusions, but Valle-Inclan, as we have said before, liked include quotes, paragraphs from other authors, historical documents, etc.. from his early works.
To begin the plot of the play itself has often been understood as a resemblance to “The Divine Comedy” by Dante, a Dante’s journey, the pilgrimage guided by Don Max Estrella Híspalis Latino, Madrid various places (bookstores, taverns, shameful eroticism places) to see him die in the dark doorway of his home. Which is accentuated with the appointment of Max Estrella: “Latino, get me out of this vicious circle.”The same happens in “The Divine Comedy” written between 1306 and 1321, which has guided Dante’s journey to hell by Virgil divided into three parts: Hell, Purgatory and Paradise.
There is also some work done or particular behavior assignable to real people. However when the author wants to represent a real character, as quoted by name, and more costumes such as Ruben Dario. This technique seems taken from “The tree of knowledge ‘of Pio Baroja. It is accepted that the author recreated a series of writers and bohemians of the time that we will see: Max Estrella as Alejandro Sawa; Zarathustra identifies with the bookseller and publisher Gregory Pueyo; Soulinake would become Ernesto Bark, Don Gay Pilgrim would Ciro Bayo etc.. According to Valle’s his way of working and writing is based on the principle that there are three ways to view the characters. The first perspective, kneeling, is the author who creates characters superior to him, like Homer, he gives his heroes demigods features. The second form, standing, is the equal, the character and the author are in the same plane. And third, in the air, is that of superiority: the author considers himself superior to his characters and viewed from the height, without identifying with them, without feeling part of their suffering.
With all these features literary and artistic Valle gives a level cult language of the work completed voices Greek and Latin, historical and mythological references. Furthermore it shows much more about himself than he could imagine. Behind that Valle-Inclan bohemian critic hides one of the best connoisseurs of culture, art and literature of his time.
Bohemian life
One of the main axis on which turns the play “Bohemian Lights” is the bohemian life of his characters, most of them writers and journalists. Bohemian is a person, especially writers and artists, unconventional behavior and maverick behavior regarding social norms. Many of them went through all sorts of hardships, hunger, cold … They used to sleep on the Browns or the banks or on the street during the summer and winter had to manage to cover in arcades, cardboard houses, under bridges … Perhaps the bohemian life“Bohemian Lights” are not so extreme.
The poor job that they came from his vocation as writers or artists they reported little money with which bad life, as the case of Max Estrella. It should be noted, however, a double way: it was Bohemian by necessity and that it was for love of that life. Of these bohemians who spent part of his life in cafes and literary gatherings, the characters in the work of Valle-Inclan belong to the generation of ’98. This generation is the first of three that would give the great era of splendor to the gatherings in the Browns. He discussed art, literature, politics, as he saw fit the public who came to participate in the gatherings. These were never fixed, at least in this first phase. They were light-hearted gatherings where there was established a day to go even a topic on which to speak, everything was spontaneous, were less ritualized than in later generations were more routine, more of this, day by day. In the words of a bohemian life was attacked frivolous and stupid Spanish society.
Among the characters who frequented these salons of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century primarily to find Ramon Maria del Valle-Inclan, who lost his hand in a dispute with D. Manuel Bueno at Cafe on the Mount to Ruben Dario, Azorin, Unamuno, Benavente, Alberto Insua, Antonio and Manuel Machado, Rafael Urbano, Jose Nogales, Pablo Ruiz Picasso, Ramiro de Maeztu, Ciro Bayo … In “Bohemian Lights” is quoted Columbus Cafe and Tavern Pica Lagartos frequent sites of literary gatherings, all identified with the laurel on his door.
MAX ESTRELLA or ALEJANDRO SAWA
The first conflict between the reality of the era, the literary quotation and the invention of Valle-Inclan, is found with its protagonist, Max Estrella. The identification of this character with the writer of Greek origin Seville Alejandro Sawa is based mainly on texts after his death, witnesses are rarely mentioned contemporaries. Sawa is true that both were writers such as Max Estrella Andalusian finishing and later lived in Madrid. Although by Ildefonso Manuel Gil,“Max Estrella has the real Sawa much less than the Valle real.
One reason that could lead to Valle-Inclan to establish a similarity between the two men was the impression that led to the death of Alejandro Sawa in 1909 by the terrible end of the writer and to the plight of many other writers, “the poor poets”; those who never become professional and gave everything for literature.
Alejandro Sawa was born in Seville in 1862, was one of the most genuine representatives of the literary bohemia that animated the end of the century Madrid. He belonged to a slightly earlier generation than the 98. His literary work is virtually unknown “Women around the world,” 1885; “Legal Crime” 1886 “Moche”, 1889. He was also friends with writers like Paul Verlaine, Ruben Dario and Manuel Machado.
For his bohemian lifestyle, and later by the adverse circumstances of his failing health, hadf his failing health, had to depart increasingly from the literary life of the day. It was an impressive figure of romantic race in his gestures and clothing, he felt, as so often said, “an untimely in an alien world.” Sawa was one of the best broadcasters that symbolism, and modernism Parnassianism taken into our literature. Like other writers, divorced from society, a society he often plunged in misery, madness or death. In their desire to live intends oriented but gradually succumb, falling to the beating that holds an alien world. Valle-Inclan, wrote of him that “had the final tragedy of a king: mad, blind and furious,” although not all can be ruled out suicide. The Max Estrella of his work dies too blind and with tremendous views of a spectacular Paris at the funeral of Victor Hugo. Besides numerous references to suicide are occurring throughout the work.
To add or subtract points in common in their resemblance to Alejandro Sawa, Valle Estrella Max describes as “a hyperbolic Andalusian poet of odes and madrigals.” (P. 39) In its development work is seen as writer finished his manuscripts to sell some goods to have something to put in their mouths, and who dies, perhaps as a king of tragedy, blind and with hallucinations in the cold of winter in Madrid.
Soulinake or Ernest Barker
Ernesto Bark, Slavic refugee and author of several books, was a close friend of Alejandro Sawa. Nicasio Hernandez hairdressers stated in an article in the wake of Sawa “Valle seemed to him that Alexander was alive. We had to find a mirror. “This fact, actually happened, it starred Ernest Barker:“I did not want to be buried until the body give signs of decomposition, because I am very alarmed to think that someone may be buried alive”. This scene is repeated in the work of Valle-Inclan Soulinake starring Basil who is described as ” a tall man, buttoned up, bare, red-bearded Jewish anarchist and envious eyes, under the nape of stubborn bison. Fripon is a German journalist, booked into the police records as a Russian anarchist and known by the name of Basil Soulinake false. “Ernesto Bark True strutted also a false medical profession, which also happens to Soulinake character, which can be interpreted as a criticism of Valle-Inclan mixing these alleged scientific knowledge with the story of the death of Max Estrella:
– Soulinake BASILIO: I have studied medicine for ten years. […](Max Estrella) is not dead, but cataleptic. […] I have seen and studied cases of catalepsy in hospitals in Germany.
According to Valle-Inclan had no intention of linking the character who stars in the wake scene, Basil Soulinake with the bohemian Bark. Ernesto Bark even, also had a red beard comparable to that adorn Soulinake. Along with all these details there are differences in the work of Soulinake origin is unclear, it is unclear whether German or Russian. It seemed then that the author picks random elements and “makes things fantasy contrived by her” as he felt himself Ernesto Bark. Perhaps due to Bark Valle in large part, the interest that his figure has been waking up in the historians and critics of Spanish literature as we saw with Alejandro Sawa. From Soulinake to Bark, has been reconstructing the trajectory of a singular character of the cultural life of fin de siecle Spanishish. Among its multifaceted activities, the newspaper is the most abundant. It was the foundation of the group New People, when contacted Bark the poetambre bohemia. There was an ideal opportunity for propaganda and dissemination to bring Spain into the new directions of the Social Revolution. The fervor with which characterizes Valle Soulinake responds faithfully to the personality of Bark and their vehement struggle so that the new literature, the New People, range diffusion. Ernesto’s classic work, which is now known, is “bohemian saint.
FATHER LUIS COLOMA
At the beginning of the play Max Estrella calls incessantly to his wife, Madame Collet, have her read the letter of the Apis Bull. When searching the guide book itself who it was the Apis Bull, indicated that he was a character in a famous novel of Father Luis Coloma. We have found nothing to support this assertion. Shortly we are told of this mysterious character, who is Max’s own data reveals some more on the scene four:“The Apis Bull fires me like a servant!”. With this we can suppose that the Apis Bull is really the editor or director of a newspaper or magazine for which Max Estrella wrote. We do not understand their relationship with the writer Luis Coloma, born in Jerez de la Frontera in 1851. He began his studies at the Naval Preparatory School and then he studied in Seville. He moved to Madrid where he began to frequent the elegant gatherings met in which elements that later would serve to create his literary work. He became a Jesuit and was ordained a priest but not abandoned journalism or literature. His most famous is “Little Things” followed by “Jeromín” which is the true chronicle of Don Juan de Austria. Other works are “Fray Francisco”, “The queen martyr,” “Boy” …In none of them managed to find a character named Apis Bull, which we venture to suppose that this is the nickname of some other character which inspired Valle.
“THE DIVINE WILLIAM”
The fourteenth stage of the cemetery of “Luces de bohemia” is also understood as literatización because it is a parody of the burial of Ophelia in “Hamlet” by Shakespeare. “A court in the Eastern Cemetery. The cold afternoon. The stern wind. The afternoon light on the walls of headstones has an aggressive aridity. “The black shadows of the gravediggers – gleaming shoulder hoes – drop by in the street of tombs. Approach.
– MARQUES: Will philosophers, like Ophelia?
– Rick: Have you experienced any Ofelia, Marquis?
– THE MARQUIS: The awkward age all girls are Ofelias. Guan creature was very dear Ruben. And the Prince, like all princes, a babieca!
– Rick: Would not you love the divine William?
– MARQUES: At the time of my literary inclinations, I chose by a teacher.
The marquis, and Ruben Dario ongoing dialogue about one of the greatest tragedies in the history of the works of William Shakespeare: “Hamlet.” Ruben Dario Somewhat later states that “everyone has something of Hamlet”, the name was called the famous character in his first performance in Spain. The text was the work of Jean François Ducis Hamlet (1769) was translated into Spanish by Ramon de la Cruz, with the title “Hamlet, King of Denmark. “The work premiered in Madrid in October 1772.
The marquis, continuing his conversation Shakespearean literature, says: “You who still courting. Me with my load of years, I am closer to be the skull of Yorick. “Yorick is the childhood friend of off whose skull Hamlet, Prince of Denmark speaks the famous monologue” To be or not to be. Hamlet ponders the reality of existence and its insignificance, its intention to decide if he’s alive or suicide. However, such discourse is in the third act and the scene of the skull in the fifth. Hamlet thus can not talk to a skull which has not yet appeared in the play. Even the greatest works have small flaws.
Homer and Victor Hugo
“Luces de bohemia” Star Max begins by describing as a blind man, blind as Homer and as Belisario “, as Max himself said later. The writer compares with the Greek poet to whom are attributed the Iliad and the Odyssey. All that Homer refers to is uncertain, but legend represents him as a blind beggar bard singer who was wandering the city in town, hence the comparison with Max Estrella.
During the development of the work, Max is being compared to various real characters easy to identify, such as Victor Hugo: Lord Inspector, you have some consideration! This is a national glory! The Victor Hugo of Spain! “In the words of Don Latino Hispalis. Toward the end of the play, specifically the scene twelfth, Max Estrella again be compared with the French writer saw visions of his future burial or one idyllic:
– MAX: Latin, I think recovery in sight. But how we come to this funeral? This apotheosis is Paris! We are in the burial of Victor Hugo!
And why the burial of Victor Hugo and not any other character? Apparently after the French writer’s death, which occurred on 22 May 1885 in Paris, his body lay in state under the Arc de Triomphe and was transferred, as desired, in a pauper’s hearse, to the Pantheon, where he was buried alongside some of the most famous French citizens. Furthermore Latino Don also speaks of “Les Miserables” and its author as great figures of literature, “bequeathed us a social novel that is worthy of Les Miserables.”
BENITO EL garbancera
– CLARINITO Master, we young you will impose the candidacy for chair of the Academy.
– Doria GADEX: Right now the chair is vacant the garbancero Don Benito.
Who was hiding behind that nickname? The true identity of this character is Benito Perez Galdos, canary writer and one of the most celebrated figures of Spanish realism. Despite the pseudonym that was not the view toward the Valle Perez Galdos: “Galdos is at times a new writer, a creator of language.” His death took place in 1920, shortly before the appearance of “Lights de bohemia “, bringing the vacancy to be mentioned in the Royal Spanish Language Academy was the cause of his death. SAR recognized merit and appointed him to fill the chair “N” in 1897.
UNAMUNO
– Doria GADEX: Do you know who is our first comedian, Don Filiberto?
– Don Filiberto: You say the iconoclasts, perhaps, that Don Miguel de Unamuno.
Valle satirizes one of the most harrowing and pessimistic poets of the Generation of 98, Miguel de Unamuno y Jugo was born in Bilbao in 1864. Unamuno defined himself as “a man of contradiction and struggle […]; one saying one thing with the heart and head the opposite, and that makes this fight his life.” Lived in perpetual struggle himself without finding peace. And also with others struggle against the “banality” of his time in a tremendous effort to shake the conscience, for restless to draw them out of any routine.
THE “Sonata”
Between 1902 and 1905 successively Valle wrote his Sonatas. Years later, in 1920, appeared “Luces de bohemia” in which Valle-Inclan includes the Marquis de Bradomín, protagonist of the sonatas, as another character. The Marquis appears in the fourteenth stage in the company of Ruben Dario during the funeral of Max Estrella. Valle describes him as “an old gentleman with the beard ode layer of snow and Spanish on the shoulders, the Marques de Bradomín Celtic. This surname and place name without geographical location, is very common in the work of Don Ramon. The marquis, and Ruben Dario dialogue about death and what might be behind it.“We divinized death. It’s just a moment of life, the only truth is death … And the deaths, I prefer Christian death. Bradomín manifests itself as a Christian believer even fearful of possible eternity for sins committed. Her relationship with Max Estrella appears when he tells us that the protagonist of the play was the son of a Carlist captain who died at his side in the war. But Max told Star that they had fought together in a revolution in Mexico.
In their conversation talking about literature, with extensive knowledge of the play “Hamlet” by Shakespeare, as we saw earlier. The Marquis of Bradomín is a man already advanced in years as he himself says, “I need very little to carry on his back a century. “The years will not let me walk faster.” Shows a strong level of knowledge about classical literature and mythology, even expressing his opinion about writing,Dear Ruben, the verses should be published with his whole process, from what you call a monster to permanently. Would then have a value as evidence of etching. “Confesses its intent to publish his memoirs sold the manuscript to a publisher because it is short of money after having ruined with agriculture as recorded in the Pazo de Bradomín.
CALDERON DE LA BARCA
Valle introduces in his quotations from the play “La vida es sueño” de Calderón de la Barca. One of them is on the scene second to enter Max Estrella in the library of Zarathustra Calderon salutes the expression:
“Mal Poland receives a foreigner!”
Also in the fourth scene is another quote from the same work in reference to the figure of Sigismund: “To thrive we must be all Segismundos pleaser.” The meaning of this phrase is bowing to the powerful.
ARMIDA
”Are lost among the trees of the garden. Grotesque parody of the Garden of Armida.” With this comparison Valle describes one of the spaces of his work.
Armida, beautiful women and female character in the play”Jerusalem Delivered”with his arts of seduction Reinaldo takes your enchanted garden. There are many pictorial representations of this, and probably the author knew the brass of Teniers preserved in the Museo del Prado.
RUBEN DARIO
As we said at the beginning, in the introduction, “Luces de bohemia” mingle real people with their real names and without disguises, with other fictional characters. Ruben Dario is one of the contemporary characters Valle appearing on the work as the vision the Galician author has of him. Described as the “bard of Nicaragua” and “genius of modernism.” Brings far more data about you, do not know if coincident with the real Ruben Dario or not. Among them is that studies celestial mathematics, Gnosis and Magic “I’ve felt that the Elementals are Consciences […] Sea and Earth, Wind and Fire, divine monsters. Possibly because Divine is eternal! “So believe in the magic of life, the wonders that are wrought but neither see nor understand, “not that ignorance, life would be a tremendous awe.
Ruben Dario is also a believer in God, in Christ, in the flames of hell “and still more in the music of Heaven.” But can more skeptical when it comes to talking of Death “life and love while we can, forget the Lady of Grief”, “death would often be nice if there were no terror of uncertainty. I have been happy in Athens 3000 years ago! […] Only deify these men have known! “.
About his personality is presented as a sad man “who feels the bitterness of life,” an Aztec idol reminiscent of terrors and mysteries,“With a gesture of priesthood” and attempt to distinguish eses of give up. It also seems a tired man, and as a prisoner or slave of a bohemian life in his “Max, you must flee from Bohemia”. Depicts him in Columbus coffee, wear more reason, since the real Ruben Dario lived intensely, oblivious to excesses that ruined his health and led to his death in 1916 when he was only 49 years. It remains, however, the modernist poet-guide, keeping that spirit. Incessantly repeated exclamation “wonderfully made” according to Ramon Ledesma Miranda, in a conversation with Manuel Machado, puts into the mouth of this: “What almost childlike simplicity of the great poet! For the most trivial things just had a wonderful comment. It was like a child marveling at the world. “
Valle-Inclan’s work he invents a past in common with Don Latino Híspalis: “Many years have passed! We have done together journalism in The Hispanic American Lira […] I was the financial editor. In Paris we tuteábamos, Ruben “. With this last sentence attempts to establish a more personal relationship between two characters.
Finally talking about last lines on a pilgrimage to Compostela in blending the protagonist of the Sonatas de Valle-Inclan, the Marquis de Bradomin, without parallel in reality.
Paul Verlaine
French poet who was born on March 30, 1844, in Metz, the son of an Army officer. He studied at the Lycée Bonaparte in Paris and worked as a clerk in an insurance company. Parnassians relates to drawing on cafe to write verses.
His early works such as “Poetry Saturn” (1866) and “Holidays gallant” (1869), described the rejection of romanticism Parnassian. On 11 August 1870, married Mathilde cattle from Fleurville, who was barely sixteen, leaving his wife after two years to travel and live with the poet Arthur Rimbaud 17. Valle refers to this relationship with such age difference when he says: “And in the rhythm of sentences, parades with his dad hopped Verlaine.
Being drunk, wounded Rimbaud shot, so they spent two years in prison. His collection “Songs Without Words” (1874), written during his time in prison, is based primarily on the relationship with Rimbaud. His conversion was inspired religious poetry volume entitled Wisdom (1881).
In England he was professor of French after returning to France where she taught English to his student Létinois Lucien, whom he called, adopted child, spent many of the “Elegies of Love” (1888). He published “The accursed poets” (1884), critical work, and “Antony and Now” (1884), a collection of poems, and thus becomes a symbolist poet. Wrote autobiographical prose, like “Memoirs of a widower” (1886), “My Hospital” (1891) and “Confessions” (1895).
He died on 8 January 1896 in Paris.
GREGORIO PUEYO: Zarathustra
In Scene II, describes Zarathustra and his dirty bookstore, has recently tried to locate this place in the current Casa Ciriaco. The hovel of our character is a set of books that “make rubble walls and cover” ‘. The old Zarathustra “Abich and humped-face-rancid bacon,” a real puppet serves the poor customer who visits the place inhospitable. Critics have seen in him the bookseller Pueyo Gregory, editor of modernist writers who had a bookshop on the street Jacometrezo. Nietzsche’s superman has become a caricature of the subhuman, in the limit of animalization, a puppet company that has as a cat, a parrot and a dog. Star Max comes to visit because the wily Don bookseller has deceived Latino, but can not return the money because the books bought and sold. Then with the arrival of pedantic bohemian Don Gay, establishing a heated discussion on traditional religion and empty, as can be seen in Max’s mouth,”turns this miserable people all the major concepts in a pious fairy seamstress. Their religion is a dotage of old that dissected the cat when they die.”
“THE TARTUFO” of MOLIÈRE
Five years of struggle it took to Jean-Baptiste Poquelin, called Moliere (1622-1673), a work premiered at the opening of the palace of Versailles under the title “The Tartuffe or The Hypocrite” (1664) might become publicly displayed without restriction. Despite the excellent relationship with the playwright’s monarch Louis XIV, was promptly banned.
In those five years Molière suffered threats, attacks, accusations of impiety and atheism, requests of excommunication against the comedian – and against all who see him represent or Part-representation of who you get to tick the “devil dressed as a man .
“The Tartuffe finally premiered in 1669, while much that” Tartuffe “original had been left on this road for five years. The play is a portrait of a hypocritical devotee burlesque, on behalf of “the interests of the sky,” interferes within families in order to dominate, control on behalf of that patch of sky that has sold to the gullible bourgeois and keep their wealth, if not with the wife of Orgon Moliere painted by the features of an idiot.
FRANCISCO SILVELA
Born in Madrid. He graduated in law in 1862 and joined the Academy of Jurisprudence. He belonged to the Liberal Union and was a deputy for the first time in 1870 on behalf of Avila. Shortly thereafter joined the liberal-conservative group of CANOVA. It did not attend the Cortes assembled during the reign of Amadeus I. In 1874, after the coup of Pavia, was a deputy for Madrid in 1875 and restored the monarchy was in charge of the Undersecretary of the Interior, as Minister Romero Robledo. In 1879 he was minister of the interior with Martinez Campos tried to reform the welfare system, which earned him opposition from supporters of Romero Robledo. He held the portfolio of Grace and Justice, in 1885, in a government of Canovas. When he died, Alfonso XII (1885), and after the signing of El Pardo, Samuels was deputy leader of the Conservative Party. In 1890 he accepted the Interior Ministry, until he resigned for failing to agree to the reconciliation between Canovas and Romero Robledo, although it continued under the leadership of the former until 1892, when the rupture occurred. In 1898 Samuels joined the thesis generation and, in that year, chaired the Council of Ministers. In 1899, le designor president of a ministry called “national regeneration” with Polavieja, Villaverde, Dato, … The Treasury plans Villaverde provoked opposition, particularly in Catalonia and the Basque Country. He later teamed up with Maura, forming a new government (1902-1903). The new worker and student unrest will again mean a failure for Samuels. It was created during this administration the Institute of Social Reforms. He retired from active politics when Villaverde was called back to form a government (had resigned in 1903). Francisco Samuels wrote letters to the Venerable Sister Mary of Agreda and Lord King Philip IV (1885).
Valle mentions him in his vocation as a writer and journalist Don Filiberto’s mouth: “I Silvela discreet with a banquet, when I premiered in the Floral Games of Malaga the Beautiful.” According to the appendix Joaquin Valle, Francisco Samuels was reputed to be a terrible debater and orator, as he was nicknamed “the Florentine dagger.
HENRIK IBSEN
-Doria GADEX: […] In the words of Ibsen, crowds and the mountains meet the base provided.
-MAX:”I’m not bored with Ibsen!”
Again, a phrase that refers to the literature, this time the Norwegian writer Henrik Ibsen was born in 1828. Ibsen was an important poet, but insisted all his energy in the literary drama. Beat ethical conservatism and prejudice of the critics and the public. Reinvigorated the art of theater, bringing the European bourgeois drama ethical seriousness and psychological depth not possessed since Shakespeare. It helped to give the European drama a vitality and artistic quality comparable to those of the great Greek tragedies.
In his work describes the people in the bourgeois atmosphere of his time, people in their daily lives face a deep crisis. With its lack of vision and for his previous actions have helped themselves to create this crisis. Through a retrospective analysis of the past are forced to watch. His first work was contemporary realist “The pillars of society”in 1877.
Henrik Ibsen won an international position as the largest and most influential dramatist of his time. It knew it had taken the name of Norway around the world. He returned home Christiania, at age 63, where in 1899 he published his last drama,”When We Dead Awaken,”which he described as a dramatic climax. It was like the twilight of his production, illness prevented him from writing more or died in 1906 in his homeland at age 78.
CIRO BAYO
With Ciro Bayo uses a real character as a literary inspiration: Don Gay Pilgrim. In this case the choice of name may be related to the title of a play called Ciro Bayo”The Pilgrim”amusing.
Soon we could find out about this writer. He belonged to the generation of ’98 certainly one of the many literary almost unknown, and Spanish origin. Like characters in a time like Eugenio Noel Ciro Alegría, believed the American utopia. It appears that came to Bolivia in 1892 where he lived in Sucre and Santa Cruz. He was devoted to the study published in 1906 bolivianismos and Vocabulary”Argentine and Bolivian provincialism.”
His relationship with Valle-Inclan includes the fact that some consider as Fernandez Montesinos Tirano Banderas”plagiarized”is a work of Ciro Bayo from which we know no more. It is also true that Montesinos is known for its antevalleinclanismo”theater”and Valle-Inclan has been treated with inexplicable rage. Perhaps in return served as an incentive for complaint and criticism of himLights”bohemian.”
In the play, Ciro Bayo, become Don Gay Pilgrim, representing a bohemian intellectual of the time. Valley described as”a tall, skinny, tan from the sun. He wears a suit of old to volunteer Cuban, wearing sandals walking open and covered with an English cap. It’s strange gift Pilgrim Gay, who has written a chronicle of his life wandering in an ancient and lively Castilian, mangled the name of Don Gay Pilgrim.”
He speaks with great admiration of England where just returned. It has become dogma iconoclast,”a Christian prayers and hymns, clean image miracle ‘. Not only have learned new religious ideas but has known English life cheaper, political concepts and copied in the Royal Library, the only existing copyPalmerin”of Constantinople.” Despite this and sorry returns to his country because it is rheumatic and need the sun of Spain.
BLAVATSKY
LATINO-DON: And the fruit of Nothing: the four elements, symbolized by the four Evangelists. The building, which plurality, only beginning at Cuatrivio. But the Trina Unit, shows the number. So the number is Sacred!
-MAX: Shut up, Pythagoras! All this I’ve learned in your intimacy with the old Blavatsky.
-DON LATINO: Max, these jokes are not tolerable! You are a deeply irreligious spirit and Voltaire! Madame Blavatsky was a remarkable woman and you must not profane ridicule the cult of his memory. You could see you punished for any camarrupa of karma. And would not the first case!
Rottenstern Helena Petrovna von Hahn was born in Ekaterinoslau, southern Russia, in 1831. Alos married 17 years Nicephorus Blavatsky changing its name. He was a pioneer in studying the science and philosophy Eroticism as universal. Social noble descent, was the granddaughter of Princess Elena Dolporouki, but ended his days in a precarious economic situation, due to the large amounts channeled to the theosophical work, as well as pilgrim and adventurous life. In 1875 he formed the Theosophical Society whose objectives were:
-Form a nucleus of universal brotherhood of humanity without distinction of race, creed, sex, caste or color.
-Promote the study of comparative religion, philosophy and science.
– To investigate unexplained laws of Nature and the powers latent in man.
Theosophical Society, which had great impact on human thought, adopted the motto:”There is no religion higher than (the) Truth.” For the story, is mainly the registration of the literary work of Helena Blavatsky. In addition to countless articles and writings that were loose in anthologies collecting seven books came from his pen:Isis Unveiled”,””The Secret Doctrine,””The Voice of Silence,””The Key to Theosophy,””Theosophical Glossary,””In the Paris of Mountains Blue”and”On the caves and jungles of Hindustan.”
JUAN ANTONIO Cavestany
-Don Filiberto: Cavestany, the great poet, a balladeer.
Juan Antonio Cavestany (1861-1924) poet and playwright. It also went into politics as a conservative. The author have made critical as if it were simply a balladeer.
HERMANOS QUINTERO
– MARQUES: At the time of my literary inclinations, I chose by a teacher. (Referring to William Shakespeare). Is remarkable! With a shy philosopher and a silly girl in strength of innocence has performed the miracle of creating the finest tragedy. Dear Ruben, Hamlet and Ophelia, in our Spanish drama, two types would be elated. “A shy and a silly girl, what they did the glorious Quintero brothers!”
Valle speaks positively of Serafin (1871-1938) and Joaquin (1873-1944) Alvarez Quintero, born in Utrera, Seville province. They cooperate closely in his comedies. Supporters of a theater lively and cheerful, contrary to the pessimism of 98, channeled his output by manners and ways of the Andalusian regionalism. In his nearly 200 works theater sports a naive, almost innocent and sentimental. Composed between works: “Puebla of women”, “El Patio”, “The gay genius,” “Amores and amours”etc.
ESPRONCEDA
– DON LATINO: Well, to be buried. Let there be a body again, only matter to the funeral!
The phrase “there is more body” belongs to Teresa Canto II Joseph Espronceda. This irrevolucionario poet was one of the largest Spanish Romantics, the most popular of the nineteenth century. His style is characterized by the constant contradiction of two moods: The excitement and despondency.
With 18 years went into voluntary exile in Lisbon, where he met Teresa Mancha, whom he followed to London. In Paris, participated in the Revolution of 1830 and came into Spain with an expedition of revolutionaries, which failed. He was banished. Abducted Teresa, whom she had found married with children, and went with her to Spain in 1833. Teresa’s death inspired one of his finest poems, “Canto a Teresa” whose last stanza reads:
Enjoy, and yes, the crystal field
Tour bathed in light: Bella’s life!
Who to stop the race reaches
the beautiful world that invites pleasure?
The sun shines bright, spring
The fields depicted in the flowering season:
Truéquese deep pain in my laughter …
But there is a corpse, what matters to
world!