Linux Server Network Services Setup

Posted on Aug 22, 2025 in Computing and Communications

DNS and DHCP Installation Exercise

This document outlines the steps to install and configure essential network services on a Linux server, including DNS (BIND), DHCP, HTTPD (Apache), and VSFTPD.

DNS Server Configuration (BIND)

1. Install BIND Packages

Begin by installing the necessary BIND packages using yum:

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install bind bind-chroot bind-libs caching-nameserver

2. Configure BIND Named.conf

Edit the main BIND configuration file to define your DNS zones:

[root@localhost ~]# vi /var/named/chroot/etc/named.conf

Add the following zone definitions for your domain (sergio.cl) and its reverse lookup zone:

Zone "sergio.cl" IN {
    type master;
    file "var/named/directa";
    allow-update {192.168.0.0/24;};
};

Zone "0.168.192.in-addr.arpa" IN {
    type master;
    file "var/named/inversa";
    allow-update {192.168.0.0/24;};
};

3. Prepare Zone Files and Permissions

Copy the default local zone file to create your forward (directa) and reverse (inversa) zone files, and adjust permissions:

[root@localhost ~]# ll
[root@localhost ~]# chown root.named named.conf
[root@localhost ~]# ll
[root@localhost ~]# cp /var/named/chroot/var/named/named.local directa
[root@localhost ~]# cp /var/named/chroot/var/named/named.local inversa

4. Configure Forward Zone File (sergio.cl)

Edit the forward lookup zone file (directa) to map hostnames to IP addresses:

[root@localhost ~]# vi directa

Add the following content, ensuring correct record types:

$TTL 86400
@ IN SOA ns1.sergio.cl. root.sergio.cl. (
    1997022700 ; Serial
    28800      ; Refresh
    14400      ; Retry
    3600000    ; Expire
    86400 )    ; Minimum
IN NS ns1.sergio.cl.
ns1 IN A 192.168.0.2
eyeos IN A 192.168.0.2

5. Configure Reverse Zone File (0.168.192.in-addr.arpa)

Edit the reverse lookup zone file (inversa) to map IP addresses to hostnames:

[root@localhost ~]# vi inversa

Add the following content, ensuring correct FQDN formatting:

$TTL 86400
@ IN SOA ns1.sergio.cl. root.sergio.cl. (
    1997022700 ; Serial
    28800      ; Refresh
    14400      ; Retry
    3600000    ; Expire
    86400 )    ; Minimum
IN NS ns1.sergio.cl.
2 IN PTR ns1.sergio.cl.

6. Set Zone File Permissions and Resolver

Adjust permissions for the new zone files and configure the system’s resolver to use your new DNS server:

[root@localhost ~]# ll
[root@localhost ~]# chown root.named directa
[root@localhost ~]# chown root.named inversa
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/resolv.conf

Add or modify the following lines in /etc/resolv.conf:

search sergio.cl
nameserver 192.168.0.2

7. Activate Network Interface and Start BIND

Set the IP address for your network interface and start the BIND service:

[root@localhost ~]# /sbin/ifconfig eth0 192.168.0.2
[root@localhost ~]# /etc/init.d/named start

Expected output for starting BIND:

Iniciando named: [ OK ]

8. Verify DNS Resolution with nslookup

Test your DNS configuration using nslookup:

[root@localhost ~]# nslookup
[root@localhost ~]# nslookup 192.168.0.2

Restart the network service to ensure all changes are applied:

[root@localhost ~]# service network restart

DHCP Server Configuration

1. Install DHCP Server

Install the DHCP server package:

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install dhcp

2. Prepare DHCP Configuration File

Copy the sample configuration file and then edit it:

[root@localhost ~]# cp /usr/share/doc/dhcp-3.0.5/dhcpd.conf.sample /etc/dhcpd.conf
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/dhcpd.conf

3. Configure Network Interface and Restart DHCP

Ensure your network interface has the correct IP and restart the DHCP service:

[root@localhost ~]# /sbin/ifconfig eth0 192.168.0.2
[root@localhost ~]# service dhcpd restart
[root@localhost ~]# service network restart

4. Edit DHCPD.conf for Subnet and Options

Open /etc/dhcpd.conf again to define your subnet, IP range, and other DHCP options:

[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/dhcpd.conf

Add or modify the following configuration block:

ddns-update-style interim;
ignore client-updates;

subnet 192.168.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0
{
    # --- default gateway
    option routers 192.168.0.1;
    option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;

    option nis-domain "sergio.cl";
    option domain-name "sergio.cl";
    option domain-name-servers 192.168.0.2;

    option time-offset -18000; # Eastern Standard Time

    #option ntp-servers 192.168.0.1;
    # option netbios-name-servers 192.168.0.1;
    # --- Selects point-to-point node (default is hybrid). Don't change this unless
    # -- you understand Netbios very well
    # option netbios-node-type 2;

    range dynamic-bootp 192.168.0.128 192.168.0.254;

    default-lease-time 21600;
    max-lease-time 43200;

    # we want the nameserver to appear at a fixed address
    # host ns {
    # next-server marvin.redhat.com;
    # hardware ethernet 12:34:56:78:AB:CD;
    # fixed-address 207.175.42.254;
}

5. Final DHCP Service Restart

Restart the DHCP service to apply the new configuration:

[root@localhost ~]# service dhcpd restart

Expected output:

Iniciando dhcpd: OK ]

Web Server Configuration (Apache HTTPD)

1. Install Apache HTTPD

Install the Apache HTTPD web server package:

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install httpd

2. Start and Enable HTTPD Service

Start the HTTPD service and configure it to start automatically on boot:

[root@localhost ~]# service httpd restart

Expected output:

Parando httpd:[ OK ]
Iniciando httpd: [ OK ]

[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig --level 35 httpd on

3. Configure HTTPD and Create Index Page

You can modify the main HTTPD configuration file if needed, and then create a simple index.html file for your website:

[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
[root@localhost ~]# vi /var/www/html/index.html

(Write content to the index.html file. Afterwards, open a web browser and navigate to http://localhost to view your page.)

FTP Server Configuration (VSFTPD)

1. Install VSFTPD

Install the VSFTPD (Very Secure FTP Daemon) package:

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install vsftpd

2. Start VSFTPD Service

Start the VSFTPD service:

[root@localhost ~]# service vsftpd start

Expected output:

Iniciando vsftpd para vsftpd:[ OK ]

3. Configure VSFTPD and Create Test File

Edit the VSFTPD configuration file as required, and create a test file in the FTP public directory:

[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
[root@localhost ~]# touch /var/ftp/pub/holaaaaaaa

4. Verify FTP Access

(Open a web browser and navigate to ftp://localhost to verify FTP access.)

Linux Server Network Services Setup

DNS and DHCP Installation Exercise

DNS Server Configuration (BIND)

1. Install BIND Packages

2. Configure BIND Named.conf

3. Prepare Zone Files and Permissions

4. Configure Forward Zone File (sergio.cl)

5. Configure Reverse Zone File (0.168.192.in-addr.arpa)

6. Set Zone File Permissions and Resolver

7. Activate Network Interface and Start BIND

8. Verify DNS Resolution with nslookup

DHCP Server Configuration

1. Install DHCP Server

2. Prepare DHCP Configuration File

3. Configure Network Interface and Restart DHCP

4. Edit DHCPD.conf for Subnet and Options

5. Final DHCP Service Restart

Web Server Configuration (Apache HTTPD)

1. Install Apache HTTPD

2. Start and Enable HTTPD Service

3. Configure HTTPD and Create Index Page

FTP Server Configuration (VSFTPD)

1. Install VSFTPD

2. Start VSFTPD Service

3. Configure VSFTPD and Create Test File

4. Verify FTP Access

Recent Notes

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