Key Definitions: Accentuation, Concept Mapping, and Research Fundamentals
Linguistic Terminology and Accentuation Rules
Hiatus
The joining of two strong vowels in a word, where each vowel corresponds to a different syllable.
Acute Words (Palabras Agudas)
The stressed syllable is the last syllable. They are only accented (receive a tilde) when they end in N, S, or a vowel.
Grave Words (Palabras Graves or Llanas)
The stressed syllable is the penultimate syllable. They are accented when they do not end in N, S, or a vowel.
Esdrújulas Words (Palabras Esdrújulas)
Words where the stressed syllable is the antepenultimate syllable. They are accented (receive a tilde) without exception.
Conceptualization and Knowledge Organization Tools
Scientific Language
It is a conceptual language that goes beyond the direct representation of things.
Novak, JD & Gowin, DB (Definition of Proposition)
“A proposition consists of two or more terms linked by a conceptual word to form a semantic unit.”
Concept
The mental idea we form about something, allowing us to differentiate and identify various objects.
Concept Operations
Definitions: Standardization of the essential characteristics of an object to differentiate it from similar objects.
Division: (Gorski and Tavants define it as a logical operation under which the divisible extension of the concept is distributed into certain classes.)
Classification: The distribution of objects into classes according to the similarity that exists between them.
Concept Maps (Novak and Gowin)
A schematic resource representing a set of conceptual meanings included in a hierarchical structure of propositions. Their goal is to graphically represent relationships between concepts in the form of propositions.
Mind Maps
Created by Tony Buzan, they represent ideas in ways that recall figures or images.
Networking Concepts
Spontaneous associations that link one concept with others.
Reasoning
The subjective, individual linguistic ability of every person to link ideas in a discourse, which may or may not be consistent.
Steps for Creating a Concept Map from Text
This process is typically achieved through 7 steps.
The Vee Technique (Vee Diagram)
Devised by D. Bob Gowin, it resulted from the method of five configuration questions used when confronting any exhibition of knowledge.
Elements of the Vee Diagram (EUV)
Object or Events: The events or phenomena the study refers to.
Central Questions: Defines the focus and meaning of the investigation.
Conceptual Theory: Represents prior knowledge or theoretical framework.
Methodology: The strategy or procedure followed to operate on reality and achieve understanding.
Research Methodology and Information Management
Scoping Study
Research conducted when the researcher does not yet possess sufficient information on the topic of interest.
Exploratory Research Purposes
- Prioritize problems and subproblems.
- Gather theoretical and empirical information that allows for the clear and precise formulation of research problems and hypotheses.
Stages of Research
- Conceptualization of the problem.
- Determination of the methodological design.
- Collection and processing of information.
- Analysis and interpretation of results.
Composition of an Exploratory Design
- Subject: The title of the research.
- Questions: Questions formulated to achieve the objectives of the study.
- Schedule: Time points allocated for each activity.
- Objective: What needs to be accomplished.
- Layout (Anticipated Results): A list of results the researcher anticipates.
- References: Author name, publication date, etc.
Types of Library Search
- By Author: The researcher knows the name of the required work’s author.
- By Work (Title): The name of the book is known, but the author is unknown.
- By Topic: Comprehensive information is required, but the specific works and authors treating the subject are unknown.
Dewey Decimal Classification System (DDC)
A system that allows users to understand how books are organized on library shelves.
Classification Worksheets: Fact Sheets
Information recorded on half-letter cards (typically 12.5 x 20.5 cm).
Types of Research Sheets (Fichas)
Textual Sheet: Contains an exact copy of the information as it appears in the source, recorded in quotation marks.
Summary Sheet: Requires the researcher’s understanding of the text and ability to analyze and synthesize the content.
Comment Sheet: Used to write down any personal ideas or reflections on the subject being developed.
Mixed Sheet: Composed of elements from more than one type of card, but focused on a single idea.