Key Concepts in Physics: Fluids, Electricity, and Energy

Posted on Jan 8, 2025 in Physics

Atmospheric Pressure (P. ATM): The pressure that air exerts on the bodies that are on the surface of the Earth.
Adhesion: The attraction between molecules of different classes.
Barometer: A device that allows us to measure the atmospheric pressure.
Fluids: Defined as a substance that flows easily and changes shape.
Bernoulli’s Principle: For a perfect fluid, the sum of kinetic and potential energies and pressure anywhere within the liquid mass is constant.
Absolute Pressure: The total pressure, combining the hydrostatic and atmospheric pressure.
Pascal’s Principle: If an external pressure is exerted on an enclosed liquid, this pressure is transmitted without loss uniformly throughout the volume of the liquid.
Flow Rate: Equal to the area multiplied by the exit velocity of the liquid.
Archimedes’ Principle: A solid object that is partly submerged in water experiences an upward force equal to the weight of the displaced liquid.
Torricelli’s Theorem: The speed of a fluid in an open container is equal to twice the square root of the product of gravity and height.
Manometric Pressure: The difference between absolute pressure and atmospheric pressure.
Cohesion: The attraction of the molecules of the same class.

Direct Current: Current in which the charges move in one direction through the conductor.
Alternate Current: Current in which the electric field established in the conductor regularly changes its direction.
Electricity: Defined as the flow of electrons through a conductor.
Semiconductors: Materials that conduct electrons at high temperatures.
Conductors: Materials that have a great facility for moving electrons through them.
Coulomb’s Law: The force of attraction or repulsion of two charges is directly proportional to the product of their charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
Coulomb Material: The forces of attraction or repulsion between two or more charges will be different if these same charges are submerged in a different material than air.
Dielectrics: Materials that do not conduct electrons.
Law of Charges: If two charges are close to each other, they will be rejected if they are equal and attracted if they are opposites.
Electroscope: A device that is used to establish whether a body is electrified.

Negative Charge: When rubbed with another material, it gains electrons.
Positive Charge: When rubbed with another material, it loses electrons.
Neutral Charge: When a material is rubbed against another, it neither gains nor loses electrons.

Heating Effect: An electric current passing through a conductor produces heat.
Luminous Effect: Some poor conductors are heated red hot and, when enclosed in a vacuum, produce incandescent light.
Magnetic Effect: A conductor behaves as a magnet when current flows through it.
Chemical Effect: Electric current produces chemical changes in its applications.
Physiological Effect: Touching the two poles of a battery produces a tingling sensation as the current acts on the nerves.
Calorific Effect: An electric current produces a quantity of heat when passing through a conductor.