Key Concepts in Diversity, Culture, and Organizational Change
Concepts in Organizational Studies
1. Defining Diversity
According to the text, diversity refers to a range of visible and invisible differences among people. (Answer: E)
2. Diversity in Japan
In discussing diversity in Japan, the text explains that Japanese women… in large companies. (Answer: E)
3. High Unemployment Impact
According to the text, high levels of unemployment are particularly challenging for…? (Answer: [Not Provided])
4. Cox Model: Majority Group
In Cox’s model of diversity, the majority group stage is called monolithic. (Answer: E)
5. Cox Model: Inter-group Conflict
According to Cox’s model, inter-group conflict is characteristic of the plural stage. (Answer: B)
6. Cox Model: Discrimination Elimination
According to Cox’s model, discrimination is eliminated in the multicultural stage. (Answer: C)
7. Managing Diversity Approach
According to the authors, managing diversity is associated with the plural approach. (Answer: B)
8. Six Dimensions: Job Status Profiles
The text reviewed six dimensions; Job status profiles relate to structural integration. (Answer: B)
9. Unintended Consequences Exception
Unintended consequences include all except…? (Answer: D – foreign labor…)
10. Factors in Diversity Policy
The text identified eight factors influencing policy on diversity; one is organizational vision. (Answer: E)
11. Diversity in the U.S.
In explaining diversity in the U.S., it is true that there is a value placed on equal opportunity. (Answer: E)
12. Competitive Advantage Source
Organizations can gain competitive advantages; one area is resource acquisition. (Answer: B)
13. Cultural Challenges in South Africa
Our class discussion on how culture… South Africa is most challenged by…? (Answer: [Not Provided])
14. Equal Employment Opportunity Scope
Equal employment opportunity laws cover many areas, but may exclude…? (Answer: E – sexual orientation) (Note: Legal protections vary and evolve)
15. Canada’s Equity Acts
Which of the following is true of Canada’s equity acts? (Answer: A – they require all employers to proactively fight…)
16. Diversity Issues in Germany
Which of the following is true of diversity issues in Germany? (Answer: E – both a and c)
17. Globalization and Org. Culture Exception
Globalization is affecting organizational cultures in many ways, except…? (Answer: D – multinational corporations increasingly prohibit…)
18. McDonald’s Standardization Argument
It has been argued… because…? (Answer: D – although McDonald’s philosophy of standard…)
19. Characterizing Org. Culture: Values
Organizational culture can be characterized by elements that are called espoused values. (Answer: B)
20. Elements of Org. Culture: Artifacts
Slogans, legendary stories, etc., are examples of organizational culture artifacts. (Answer: A)
21. Functions of Org. Culture Exception
Major functions of organizational culture include all except…? (Answer: D – serve as objective and tangible…)
22. Subcultures Impact Exception
Subcultures can affect an organization in various ways, except promoting unity of the overall organizational culture. (Answer: A)
23. Adapting to Changing Environments
Which of the following are more adaptable to a changing environment? (Answer: C – outside consultants)
24. Org. Leaders’ Actions Exception
Normally, organizational leaders do many things, except eliminating subcultures. (Answer: B)
25. ‘Culture at Work’ Case Insights
The case of ‘Culture at Work’ demonstrated that…? (Answer: A – in Germany age determines seniority…)
26. Trompenaars: Job Descriptions Focus
In which of Trompenaars’ typologies is there an emphasis on job descriptions? (Answer: B – Eiffel Tower)
27. Trompenaars Typology: Creative Ideas
According to Trompenaars’ typology, certain cultures attempt to improve creative ideas. (Answer: C)
28. Country Involving Family Members
In which country do organizations often involve family members? (Answer: A – Japan)
29. Org. vs. National Culture
Organizational culture differs from national culture in that national culture is…? (Answer: [Not Provided])
30. Understanding Exception
One cannot understand… except? (Answer: [Not Provided])
31. China Organizational Changes: Not True
Which of the following is not true regarding organizational changes in the People’s Republic of China? (Answer: A – they are being formed by breaking down large…)
32. Internal Change Factors
Which of the following are among the internal change factors for organizations? (Answer: E – both a and b)
33. Authors on Immediate Environment
According to the authors… immediate environment? (Answer: [Not Provided])
34. Culture Dimensions and Change Resistance
Cultures with high power distance, low individualism, and high uncertainty avoidance tend to have the strongest resistance to change. (Answer: B)
35. Cross-Cultural Strategy
According to cross-cultural studies, a common strategy would be…? (Answer: A – power)
36. Resistance to Change Causes Exception
Resistance to change is attributed to all of the following except technology advances. (Answer: E)
37. Lewin’s Model: Renewal Stage
In Lewin’s model of change, the renewal stage is…? (Answer: C – to embrace processes…)
38. Lewin’s Model: Increasing Factors
Based on Lewin’s model of change, factors can increase through participation and involvement. (Answer: B)
39. Cross-Cultural Studies: Korea Dimension
Recent cross-cultural studies illustrate that Korea scores high on the dimension of long-term orientation. (Answer: E)
40. Macro-Level Theory: Environmental Niche
Which macro-level theory relates to the environmental niche? (Answer: E – evolutionary)
41. Macro-Level Theory: Biological Organism
Which macro-level theory compares organizations to biological organisms? (Answer: C – life cycle)
42. Forces Influencing Change Strategies
Which of the following reflects forces influencing change strategies? (Answer: [Not Provided])
43. Persistence of Divergence (T/F)
According to the authors, divergence persists. (Answer: B – False)
44. ‘Business Case’ for Diversity (T/F)
The ‘business case’ is the sole justification for workforce diversity. (Answer: B – False)
45. OD Interventions Effectiveness (T/F)
OD interventions may be less effective in cultures such as France. (Answer: A – True)
46. Change in U.S. Public Service (T/F)
In large segments of American public service, it is easy to implement change. (Answer: B – False)
47. Independent Org. Change (T/F)
Organizational change can occur at one level independently of other levels. (Answer: A – True)
48. Strong Culture as Barrier (T/F)
A strong corporate culture can create barriers to change. (Answer: A – True)
49. Japan’s Aging Population Impact
Japan’s aging population causes… to increase? (Answer: [Not Provided])
50. Fear of Unknown and Resistance (T/F)
Fear of the unknown may cause resistance to change even when the change is expected to have benefits. (Answer: A – True)