Key Concepts in Biology, Genetics, and Health
A patent is a set of exclusive rights guaranteed by a government or authority to the inventor of a new product to prevent its manufacture, sale, or use without the consent of the owner.
A generic drug is a drug whose patent has expired, so it is no longer called by its brand name but by its active ingredient.
Types of Transplants:
- Autotransplantation: donor and recipient are the same person
- Isotransplantation: donor and recipient are genetically identical
- Allotransplantation: donor and recipient are of the same species but genetically non-identical
- Xenotransplantation: donor and recipient are of distinct but highly compatible species
Diseases more common in poor countries, apart from AIDS and STDs, are acute infections in the airways, acute infectious diarrhea, tuberculosis, measles, pertussis, tetanus, and meningitis.
Ebola Virus is the cause of Ebola viral hemorrhagic fever, a contagious and very severe disease that affects all kinds of primates (including humans) and other mammals.
Dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) are acute febrile diseases common in the tropics and Africa, caused by four viruses (DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3, or DEN-4), characterized by fever, intense pain in the joints and muscles, swollen lymph nodes, and occasional skin rash.
Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, influenced by personal will, environmental factors, and genetics.
Cycle of Misery: Abundance of resources leads to good food and feeding, which increases susceptibility to disease, weakens the ability to self-work, and cycles back to poverty.
Types of drugs: According to the effects produced on the central nervous system: Depressants, stimulants, analgesics, soft and hard drugs, legal and illegal drugs.
DNA is the main component of the genetic material, along with RNA, in the group of nucleic acids. These are divided into nucleotides, which generate a sequence repetition, and this is where genetic information is encoded. Therefore, the function of DNA is to encode and transmit the instructions essential for the development and functioning of a living being.
Cell division is the process that cells undergo to transmit genetic information.
Biotechnology refers to the biological processes used to obtain goods and services from living organisms.
Genetic engineering is the technology or biotechnology, in particular, the handling and transfer of DNA from one organism to another, allowing the creation of new species, correcting genetic defects, and the manufacturing of many compounds.
Recombinant DNA allows us to cut a specific DNA fragment of interest from an individual and insert it into the DNA of another.
DNA sequencing is a set of methods and biochemical techniques aimed at determining the order of nucleotides (A, C, G, and T).
The Human Genome Project aims to clone the relative positions of all nucleotides (or base pairs) and identify the 20,000 to 25,000 genes present in it.
Inheritance is the ability of living organisms to transmit their genetic characters.
Gene cloning is the process by which asexual, identical copies of adult individuals are achieved, which may have therapeutic or reproductive purposes.
Stem cells are capable of giving rise to any other cell. These cells are initially totipotent from the zygote, then become pluripotent and finally multipotent.