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Sonnet 130This poem is a sonnet by William Shakespeare, written in the Renaissance period. Shakespearean sonnets do not have titles. We refer to them by the number. The order is very important, since the sonnets can be separated into groups based on their subject matter. Sonnet 130 comes from a whole group of sonnets that scholars think are addressed to a ”Dark Lady”, because she has black hair and dark features. This poem has the structure of an English Sonnet, which consists of three quatrains and one final couplet in iambic pentameter.The I voice is the lover who is referring to the beloved. The speaker is sarcastic because he makes fun of the idea of love poems.The subject is realistic and complicated love. The speaker here compares idealised love (Petrarchan) with his love for the Dark Lady. The Dark Lady is completely different from Petrarch’s Laura. On the first quatrain the speaker spends one line on each comparison between his mistress and something else (sun, coral, snow…). On the second and third quatrains, he expands the descriptions to occupy two lines each, so that roses/cheeks, perfume/breath, music/voice, and goddess/mistress each receive a pair of unrhymed lines. On the final couplet the speaker’s main point is shown, that unlike other poets, he doesn’t need flowery terms of fancy comparisons. He loves his mistress for who she is.As far as imagery and linguistic and rhetorical features are concerned, this sonnet is characterised by alliterations such as ”If hairs be wires, black wires grow on her head” (line 4) and ”I grant I never saw a goddess go” (line 11). A metaphor is foundwhen the speaker mocks the typicalPetrarchan conventions (My mistress eyes are like the sun; her lips like roses, her breasts are white as snow, her voice is like music, she is a goddess). There is a subversion of all these metaphors. The rhyming pattern of this sonnet is the typical English sonnet one (ABAB CDCD EFEF GG)I would like to conclude the analysis of this sonnet by pointing out how intertextuality works in Sonnet 130. This sonnet is a parody of the Petrarchan love sonnet, while Sidney sometimes claims the poet’s lover is sometimes more beautiful than the finest pearls, diamonds and rubies, Shakespeare in this sonnet uses these elements to illustrate that his lover is not as beautiful. It is a total rejection of Petrarchan for and content.To his Coy MistressThis is a metaphysical poem by Andrew Marvell, written in the Renaissance period. ”To His Coy Mistress” has three stanzas and a final couplet in iambic pentameter.The I voice is the lover who is addressing the beloved one in an anxious, impatient and desperate way because of his need of immediate sex.The subject is carpe diem. The speaker wants to have sex with his beloved immediately. And he keeps reminding her that they do not have enough time to wait for sex. The first stanza represents an ideal situation and it deals with the idea of how the lover would focus on each part of her body until getting to the heart (=love, sex).The second stanza represents conflict. The speaker warns the lady that if she does not have sex with him, worms will take her virginity when she is in the coffin. On the third stanza the lover tells her that their time is running out and they need to have sex immediately. Sex can make them free. The final couplet explains that he cannot make time stop but he invites the lady to explore these confusing feelings.As far as imagery and linguistic and rhetorical features are concerned, this sonnet is characterized by a metaphor ”time’s winged chariot” (line 22). Alliterations such as ”we would/ which way” (line 3), ”long love’s day” (line 4) and ”thirty thousand” (line 16). Hyperboles such as ”Two hundred to adore each breast” (line 15), ”till the conversion of the Jews” (line 10) –He says he would still love her until all the Jews became Christians –a judgement day –never. Finally there is conceit in ”vegetable love” (line 11) –it shows how love grows slowly. We need to talk about the ideology within the poem as well, which is th presence of colonial references and allusions: ”Indian Ganges’ side” (line 5), ”vaster than empires” (line 11), and ”state” (line 19). The rhyming pattern is developed in couplets as such AABBCCDDEEFF…About the setting not much is revealed. We can observe colonial references on words such as: “Indian Ganges”, “Vaster than Empires”, “this state”I would like to conclude the analysis of this poem by pointing out how intertextuality works in ”To His Coy Mistress”. This poem holds strong similarities with ”The Flea” by John Donne, because both poems talk about the persuation of the beloved into having sex.Sonnet XVIIIThis poem is a sonnet by William Shakeapeare, written in the Renaissance period. The Sonnet XVIII has the typical structure of an English sonnet, which consists in three quatrains and one final couplet in iambic pentameter.The I voice is Shakeapeare himself, which could also be considered as an unnamed speaker, which would be a lover.The subject of the poem is fair youth, sinceit is a love poem in which is praised the beauty of a loved one. On the first quatrain the speaker is comparing the beloved to a summer’s day.On the second quatrain the speaker says that ”every fair from fair sometime declines” which means that the beauty of everything beautiful will fade. To what he adds ”By chance or nature changing course” which refers to the natural changes age brings. On the third quatrain the speaker states that summer will not fade and neither will the beauty of the beloved, because it is written in this eternal lines.On the final couplet it is said that the beauty of the lady will last forever due to the existence of the poem. This couplet would be the summary of the poem.As far as imagery and linguistic and rhetorical features are concerned, this sonnet is characterised by an anaphora in the final couplet when it repeats ”So long” at the beginning of both lines. Euphemism in the sentence ”every fair from fair sometime declines”. Anadiplosis in the second line of the final couplet when it says ”So long lives this, and this gives life to thee”, with the repetition of the last word ”this” at the beginning of the next clause. Personifications such as ”the eye of heaven” and ”Death brag”. The rhyming pattern of this poem (ABAB CDCD EFEF GG) is the typical English sonnet’s rhyme.I would like to conclude the analysisof this poem by pointing out how intertextuality works in the Sonnet XVIII. The reference used is the Petrarchan sonnet. Because Sir Thomas Wyatt also used Petrarch’s Canzionere as a reference to write his sonnet ”Whoso list to hunt”, and Shakeapeare and Wyatt had so much in common in terms of writing. Therefore, due to this Petrarch’s sonnets are the reference for this sonnet.
Whoso list to huntThis poem is a sonnet by Sir Thomas Wyatt, written in the Renaissance period. ”Whoso list to hunt” has the typical structure of the English Sonnet, which consists of three quatrains and one final couplet in iambic pentameter.The I voice of this sonnet is a hunter, who is telling other how impossible it is to ”hunt” the woman he is referring to. Thus, the sonnet explores the topic of hunting to allude to love.The subject of ”Whoso list to hunt” is unrequited love, since it focuses on the problem of the writer’s wasted hunt. The first quatrain deals with the idea of how the lover tries to abandon the hunt, since he may be the last of the suitors (”I am of them that farthest cometh behind”). The use of words and expressions, such as ”I may no more” or ”the vain travail” confirm the speaker’s disapointment as well as his decision to quit the hunt. The first line of this stanza introduces the metaphor of the woman as the ”hind”, which will be explored throughout the poem. It is worth noticing the fact tha tword ”hind” also refers to the animals’rear with clear sexual connotations.The second quatrain explores how the speaker tries to take his mind from the deer (the woman): (”Yet may I by no means, my worried mind/ Draw from the deer”). In the third quatrain, the speaker warns others who wish to hunt (”I put him out of doubt/ As well as I, may spend his time in vain!”). It also presents the loved one as someone powerful and rich, whose fair and beautiful neck is adorned with diamonds. The final couplet is crucial to grasp the meaning of the whole sonnet. It sheds light upon the fact that the lady is unattainable, for she ”belongs” to a man who is influential (Noli me tangere, for Caesar’s I am). The last line of the final couplet introduces a paradox, since the lady is not tame as she seems, but rather wild.
This final couplet provides the solution to the sonnet. The name of Caesar refers to Henry VIII. Some scholars have claimed that the woman the sonnet refers to can be Anne Boleyn, who was Henry VIII’s wife. The speaker (Wyatt in this case) was frustrated and moved away from a relationship due to the presence of a stronger rival (the king).As far as imagery and linguistic and rhetorical features are concerned, this sonnet is characterized by a metaphor of the first line (”Whoso list to hunt, I know where is a hind”). Alliteration is found on lines 1, 3, 5 and 9: ”Whoso list to hunt, I know where is a hind” (line 1), ”so sore” (line 3), ”Yet may I by no means my wearied mind” (line 5), ”Who list her hunt, I put him out of doubt (line 9). The repetition of the ”h” sounds certainly conveys the speaker’s sense of loss. They make the reader feel the speaker is sighing. Given the fact that Sir Thomas Wyatt was one of the first to use the sonnet in English poetry, the rhyming pattern of this sonnet(ABBA ABBA CDDC EE) is different from the conventional rhyming scheme associated with the English sonnet (ABAB CDCD EFEF GG)I would like to conclude the analysis of this sonnet by pointing out how intertextuality work in ”Whoso list to hunt”. Wyatt’s sonnet resembles Petrarch’s sonnet 190 from the Canzionere. Both sonnets revolve around the courtship of an unattainable mistress using the allusion of hunting for deer. In both poems the hunter/author is made aware that the deer he is chasing is ownedby a farmore powerful man than the speaker. Yet, what distinguishes Wyatt’s sonnet from Petrarch’s is the unavoidable sense of loss and anxiety. While the speaker in Petrarch’s sonnet never mentions his intention of quitting the chase, the speaker in ”Whoso list to hunt” certainly forsakes it. Therefore, the sonnet concentrates on the futility of love and the feeling of frustration caused by it.