Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)

Posted on May 13, 2024 in Computers

The technologies of information and communication technologies (ICT) are a set of technical developments and devices that integrate advanced functionality for storage, processing, and data transmission. They have revolutionized the relationship with their environment. The world as we knew it no longer exists, and our industry is no stranger to these changes. ICT allows us to integrate into virtual spaces all the activities necessary for everyday business. Never before in history has it been so easy to import or export as it is now, thanks to ICT. In addition, these technologies can reach any company regardless of size or activity.

1.1. Hardware and Software

A computer consists of two parts: hardware and software. The hardware is the machinery, and the software is the program. The software is a set of instructions that make the operation of computers possible. There are two types of software:

  • The operating system operates the computer. There are two types: PC and MAC, which are from Apple.
  • The application software: It is the one that allows the user to perform one or more tasks.

IBM: creator of the first computers in the early 20th century. They invented the transistor 60 years ago, which acts like a switch. Printed circuit board, a plastic plate with wires. Very small size, very little space. Thanks to this, computers became better. The first computer occupied a large room, made of wires, switches, etc. As time passed, computers were gradually decreasing in size and becoming increasingly complex and with more disk space.

1.2. Different Types of Computers

Characteristics:

  • The speed depends on the RAM and processor that the computer has. Two brands: Intel and AMD.
  • Reliability means a computer that is capable of having the slightest mistake. For example, a lack of refrigeration.
  • Storage capacity depends on the hard disk and is relative.

Based on these characteristics, we can have different types of computers:

  • Desktops
  • Laptops: The difference is that the laptop can connect to the electricity grid.
  • Netbooks: Less storage capacity and enable Internet connection.
  • PDA, palmtop computers, little storage capacity, performance, and small processors.
  • Point of Sale: computers sometimes have a small keyboard, recognize a product through a code. There are two types:
    • Terminal bobo: not able to process the data that makes you recognize a barcode scanner and this code for the product to the database using a ticket and therefore have a small printer attached. A screen shows the results of the search product. It is not necessary to be a screen like those we have.
    • Terminals Intelligent: able to manage the stock of a store. Able to know at all times the products that are capable of when connected to the internet. There comes a time when a number of stock can send an e-mail provider to ask for all you need to stock.
  • Super-computers: not for everyone.

1.3. The Main Components of the Personal Computer

Basic components:

  • The Tower (CPU): Within this is the motherboard and the RAM. In this tower, there is much-needed breathing space because it contains 2 fans. The most important part is the motherboard: an integrated circuit placed on the different components. On this board, there are different connection sockets to place more components. It always brings a battery to memorize the minimum information (hour, day…). The PCI slots allow us to put a sound card, graphics card, etc.
  • System peripheral: what can connect to the computer.
  • Hard drive: where all information is stored. They have greater storage capacity and work faster. The ROM is a read-only memory.
  • One-port hardware allows a system to assemble a physical connector or cable.
  • A network port is an interface used to communicate with a program through a network. Input/output port.
  • Monitor: there are different sizes and usually PFT.
  • The keyboard is different depending on where or for what it is used. It allows us to introduce data and peripherals.
  • Mouse: basically consists of two buttons, one main and the other secondary. All this can be connected with wires or without.
  • Grid Connection: the other normal telephone line and DSL phone line, you need a modem that is connected to the computer. The normal modem was slower, and the ADSL is using a WiFi card.
  • Accessories: camera, speakers, microphones, barcode reader, printer, scanner, etc.

Item 2: Hardware

2.1. Central Processing Unit

The CPU is the soul of the computer, the most important machine. It is the whole of the tower within the hard disk, floppy, etc. Processors are microchips that make the machine work, making it possible to process information quickly. Numerical. It is measured in Hertz and currently gigahertz. A microchip is a microscopic printed circuit board. The microprocessor was created in 1991, allowing for many more operations and making it better. Cache memory: it is only work and has enough memory to go faster. Two types:

  • L1 Cache: a split into two blocks containing instructions and other data. When talking about their storage capacity, it says that KB is 2×16. The L1 cache is located within the interior of the processor and runs at the same speed as the processor with capacities ranging from 2×8 up to 2x64Kb.
  • Internal and external L2 Cache: The first cache was located in the mother were then built in the processor, but not within the die as the processor is slower than the L1 cache, while the external we find the mother.

-Intel: 2.2 GHz -Penta: Quore – 2.8 GHz: 3.2 GHz H

2.2. Input Peripherals

A peripheral is any hardware that can connect to the CPU. They are classified into:

  • Enter data: keyboard, mouse, etc.
  • Display Data: speakers, etc.

Most prominent are the mouse and keyboard.

· The mouse is a peripheral that makes it easy dutilització of lordinador. Basically the structure is based to a ball or a light that move across the screen moves a cursor. Generally, it consists of two buttons: One-Main: Used to run. A click is select and double click to run. – Secondary: trigger menus. Sintrodueix with a cable (for lentrada USB, PS / 2) for wireless and wifi or bluetooth). · Desktop keyboard comprises a alphanumeric keypad and a numeric only. Each key is special, it is country or Don for serving.
· L ‘r scan is a peripheral that allows us to introduce lordinador information contained in a physical medium such as paper. Three types: flat-Scanners comprising glass. Scanners-type sheets: introduce a full-manual Scanners: barcodes. -OCR: Optical Character Recognition · The 2.3 Peripherals output is the hardware that shows the result of performing the processor. It is a form of communication lordinador to lusuari. Peripheral output found the screen or monitor and printer. Screens: Plans are usually LCD. The inside is a leading liquid crystal displays images. The size is measured in inches (diagonal screen). Its characteristic is that now the rate dactualització. The norm (energy star: agency for environmental protection) brand guidelines destalvi denergia and pollution. If you have more pixels resolution. The depth of colors are the colors it displays. VGA: is what is known as the types of monitors. · Printers: device that is capable of displaying a document on paper. Different types: – Ink-jet is the most used are the printer, which we have at home. With two or more ink cartridges, of a colo (yellow, blue, red) and black. Injector: a syringe that delivers micro-droplets. – Laser Printer: Works with a laser pulse that in making this happen is that is fixed on paper. If color is what will be one of each color toner. – Printer matrical: dagulles, sutilitza in gestures or companies. – Thermal printer: a special role as color writes are monochrome.-Plotter: Stamped in dispatches technicians usually dingenieria, etc.. Printers are large. · Speakers: transforms a binary code (digitized sound) to electrical impulses, reaching the amplifier and transforms it into a mechanical impulse that we see when you move the loudspeaker membrane. When the membrane moves makes laire move around and this is the sound. 2.4. Dentrada Peripherals / Output Combination dun dentrada and peripheral output. Most devices are demmagatzematge. Allow a computer system for storing information to be retrieved later. Also another device such as touch screen, making it incorporated into the surface of the screen sensitive areas.