Idealism vs. Realism in International Relations: A Historical Analysis
Idealism vs. Realism:
With the end of the 1st GM Europe is sunken and from year 19 the 1st world power is the United States. Context of perceived decline of Europe makes you see the power and fascination of Europe to the U.S.. X industrial prod, U.S. Military capabilities … S superior. The deep decline of Europe and the U.S. Makes k Wilsonian idealism is the last alternative.
Wilson’s basic idea of democracy as a fundamental and liberalism in trade. L liberal trade Xa s the basis of peace. In Wilson’s 14 points set l real political agenda. Xo there are 2 k points are really imp.:
A /
Self-Determination: Europe continent of coexistence of E. With the demise of the Austro-Hungarian born many E. Every nation has its E and E are democratic if there is no possibility d conflict.
B /
Great Revolution of the collective security mechanism need IRIB. Any conflict between 2 countries affect the international community. K and the solution must come from this community. ‘Conflicts between E does not affect only the E, but the entire community. Creating a supranational government xa resolve conflicts:
League of Nations
? The Wilsonian idealism will be a complete failure the result was the triumph of the realists were k q were given the centrality of the IRIB. IW criticism of Anglo-Saxon school is k h ª analyzed the conflict. They believe the IW k s s utopian and not reflect reality. ?
Xk failed Wilsonian idealism: a /
Idealism creates an imbalance in Europe. From the U.S. Finals 1st GM is trying to impose new order in the U.S.. GB Xo pass from America, Russia is out of commission, France has fear and is obsessed with the great power k ALL aunk still have lost the war.
X that there are so harsh impositions with All. Tbién there is a fragmentation of the continent, the great authors are out of play and there are a multitude of new E. Noy is nobody made a counter k to All. France tries to link x military pacts with these new E xa create a cordon sanitaire around All.
B / democracy in these new countries or is short or not hard at all. Ade + imp born with minorities from other countries within their territories. Map n fractional tension between them.
C / nobody dares to discuss the U.S. N the agreement ste although people do not agree. Wilson presented the agreements to the American Congress, his 14 points and joining the Soc of Nations and the U.S. Congress votes against falls n n Nat Soc remain outside the major nations. The k d were n the soc k nac did not change anything because things like k l s arbitration No conflicts could do nothing because they had great powers k xa implementation.
Liberalism:
It wants to turn page xa avoid repetition of the war. Convert the jungle in a zoo. Principle of collective security (s principle and not bilateral multilateral s). Soc Birth (k has k body raising and resolving conflicts) russia Staba not U.S. Or UK. Search for trying to ban war legal manner. Principle of disarmament raises the idea of universal disarmament k kedo No small thing. Xo s reduces the levels a bit and here comes the Geneva Protocol (anti xa chemical weapons and rules of war). International arbitration: for instance neutral inter. Xa disinhibit legal issues in other countries. 20s k establishing a Court is unsuccessful.
Cntx historical imp Event EU: ceación instance raises the U.S.. It provides elements xa EU reconciliation. The principle of further integration xo maintaining eco E. These are Franco-German rapprochement xo x ks eliminated the emergence of Hitler. Conflicts over the years multiply. In the 30’s is to certify Japanese invasion of China in region 32, with the declared intention of occupying the country.
+ All No EU expansion from year 32.
GM 2nd final break point. Change No international system structure.:
A / s GB and not the 2nd World pontencia. U.S. Is defeated. 2GM DSP EU is certain k are n ruin. The status before the war d s impossible to get. GB has k yield to India and gives you the independence and the rule there s AKBA GB. France and GB = ruined. All leveled like k Japan. All + Japan: foreign administration.
B /
USA comes as a great power. K have a weapon nobody has: nuclear weapon. K kieran countries must compete with them before d all possess nuclear weapons. à No Change perception of the war. U.S. Inherited the British Empire set parameters with the IRIB ks change completely.
Liberalism does not explain what happened k n the 20s and 30s. Surge k coincides more realism to the situations of confrontation k there are n time.
Dsp GM of the 2nd U.S. Global hegemony k already has nuclear weapons. Industrially leave the 2GM intact. S industry has developed remarkably. This will counteract the emergence of the Soviet Union. The result of the war go to control Eastern Europe. Europe is divided: Yalta Conference Iron Curtain has descended on Europe, Churchill 46. The Soviets created a cordon sanitaire: safety belt around USSR communist countries. Established European division, any block can remove one country to another block.
International non-preferential system: bipolar. Absolute competition. He felt the h th dk nl entered freezer: frozen conflict s important thing s ideology. When conflicts broke out U.S. And USSR took a side supporting the other side. Tbién s generate 2 independent systems: Eastern versus Western countries. Negotiate among themselves with no other side. The two sides are canceled.
The State Wesphaliano:
With the creation of the political structure the E kidnaps territory and people, ie closing a land where people live. They become dependent on the king and s begins to create the nation to begin the fragmentation of the planet. The CSQ is that once you are in an area stay there. With the birth of sovereignty on E does not depend on anyone, x no authority over them. àSurgimiento e Wesfaliano. Features: a / union of E with similar characteristics YKS legitimate and recognized each other whatever.
b / s confined to European countries do not recognize the legitimacy of non-Europeans c / xa countries enforce laws to international agreements. And + o-regulated practices.
D /
E with the dogma of the best d k s relationship the balance of power. No state can only have hegemony. If a country wants to impose hegemony have always appear xa a counter to avoid xa.
E /
E has monopoly on the use of force alone k and s can use it. S an instrument of war.
First Process of Globalization:
/ / while closing the European continent there is a projection of Europe: European colonial expansion. From outside EU competition s17. Subtle but unstoppable expansion of the European (Africa, America, Asia) The European racism creates the 1st globalization (mass exchange). They act as head of a sprawling network with the planet and whose relationship ensures prosperity colonial echo of these countries. Final nineteenth century high degree of world globalization (France exports + capitals receiving). There is also a considerable movement of population (U.S. Leave 40 to 50 million people). The E colonized pick the custom of E Westphalia (U.S. First to adapt to their colonizer GB). Ys America exports the model adopted in other countries. The process closes the 2nd dsp GM. Colonization = extension of the European model. With the independence decade of the E has the same conditions xo x because of this, the differences start. Wesfaliano system has triumphed, and still stands.
The international system as a system of E:
The IRIB born first as a subject in the British unis x the shock of the 1st GM. In the international system. The E does not renounce violence xo s respect among them. Before 19 the E is believed that things were going alone. The GM was a 1st paragraph. People saw her as a war outside the normal (x tech means are used 1st time. Armament again. There is also a conceptual change using chemical weapons ys) -> k war with millions dead n d k n is the k battles die 200 or 300 thousand people. Everything is decanted x the Allies, thanks to the 1st U.S. Intervention n a war outside its borders. The international concert. Born in the U.S. Represents Europe’s independence-minded marginalist and conflict and animosity toward European affairs. They believe the U.S. Wants to be k k beacon of defending moral values. Prepares manifest destiny: Monroe Doctrine (USA s xa Americans).
CSQ:
USA xo powerful s19 does not play in the IRIB. Do not want to deal with European affairs. When they become the 1st world power xk must enter the system can not function without its main actor.
S necessary to maintain the system n k s war essential? U.S. D will Wilsonian idealism.
Wilson American President has the European system cls sl dk source of all evil. With 14 points xa evolution: a clean slate. Presumpciones basic system should be chaired x d democratic structures and free trade system. + Democracy will never be at war with another democracy. Democracy very important factor Xa Wilson. Kl believes Tbién exchange between E creates networks of trust. Interdependence reduces the desire for war.
Proposal of the 14 points of Wilson proposes new way to how they should be the IRIB. IMP:
a / need collective security mechanism. Any conflict between 2 countries affect the international community. K and the solution must come from this community. Creating a supranational government xa resolve conflicts: League of Nations.
B / right of self determination of peoples xa resolve conflicts in Europe. If all the national groups were adjudicáramos its democratic s E and this is no reason to enter n xa conflicts. Each village can have its E. Many end n dictatorships.