I is correct ii is correct
| about fungus taxonomy, which is fungal? | chytridiomycota, zygomycota, ascomycota, and basidiomycota | ||
| 2. | about fungus taxonomy, which is not fungal? | bacillus | |
| 3. | about opportunistic pathogens, which is correct? | opportunistic pathogens include normal flora | |
| 4. | about pollination of gymnosperms, which of the following is wrong? | the pollen nucleus is fused with the egg to generate a zygote | |
| 5. | About Reproductive Capacity, there are the two strategies for maintaining the species continuation? Which of the following take K-strategy? | Humans and elephants | |
| 6. | About Reproductive Capacity, there are the two strategies for maintaining the species continuation? Which of the following take r-strategy? | Oysters | |
| 7. | about symbolic relationships between microorganisms and hosts, which is involved in pathogenic infection? | parasitism | |
| 8. | About the primary differ from the secondary succession | a. The pioneer community in a primary succession is lichens b. The pioneer community in a secondary succession is annual weeds | |
| 9. | About the primary differ from the secondary succession, which of the following is wrong? a. The pioneer community in a primary succession is lichens b. The pioneer community in a secondary succession is annual weeds | The pioneer community in a primary succession is the seed– Producing grasses | |
| 10. | about the structure and function of plant vascular tissues, which of the following is wrong? | phloem transports sugar and amino acids from root to leaves | |
| 11. | algae are important producers in food chain because why? | they are autotrophs performing photosynthesis | |
| 12. | apicocomplexa plasmodium vivax | malaria | |
| 13. | bacterial growth involves the following except what? | meiosis or mitosis |
| 14. | based our knowledge about the carbon cycle, how would human activities disturb climate? One wrong | protecting rain forest | |
| 15. | The behavior of dominance hierarchies plays a positive role in | enhancing flow of the favorite genes | |
| 16. | Comparing Extrinsic and Intrinsic Limiting Factors, which is the intrinsic? | Population density, abnormal social behaviors, a decrease in litter size | |
| 17. | competition exclusion principle | 1. Extinction 2. Migration 3. Evolution | |
| 18. | Connect the food web in the marine ecosystems: Consumers | Crustaceans, jellyfish, juvenile fish, coral reef | |
| 19. | Connect the food web in the marine ecosystems: photosynthesis | Phytoplankton, bacteria, algae, sea weeds, coral reef | |
| 20. | Connect the food web in the marine ecosystems: producers | Sea weeds | |
| 21. | define the food chain | the series of organisms feeding on each other | |
| 22. | define trophic level | the stage in the flow of energy through an ecosystem | |
| 23. | Describe the mutualism in the coral reef ecosystems | algae and animals | |
| 24. | Describe the sequence of the succession events from an abandoned farmland? | Annual, biennial, perennial plants; pines, oaks, hickory | |
| 25. | ecology studies what? | the relationship between organisms and their environments | |
| 26. | entamoeba histolytica | diarrhea | |
| 27. | environment is defined as what? | the biotic and abiotic factors that affect an organism during its lifetime | |
| 28. | escherichia coli is a mutualistic bacterium because why? | it makes vitamins for humans who provide nutrients for the bacterium |
| 29. | Fern life cycle | 1. Adult sporophytes include the rhizome, roots, and fronds. Fronds carry sori. 2. Sori produce spores by meiosis 3. Spores that are dropped into soil develop gametophyte 4. Young sporophytes grow from gametophyte | |
| 30. | Fern life cycle definitions | 1. The underground stem is called rhizome 2. The leaves are termed fronds 3. Sori are the spore-producing structures on the fronds 4. Archegonium is the multicellular, egg producing organ; but antheridium is the sperm-producing organ occuring in seedless plants | |
| 31. | Flowering plants | 1. Seed production 2. Alternation of sporophyte and gametophyte generations 3. Flowering and bearing fruit 4. Self and cross pollination | |
| 32. | For association learning, which of the following involves the indirect positive-negative reinforcement? | Operant conditioning | |
| 33. | For behavioral adaptations to seasonal changes, which of the following is wrong? | Frogs, toads, insects migrate across the oceans | |
| 34. | For Density-Dependent and Density-Independent Limiting Factors, which are those more likely to affect the K-strategists? | Disease epidemics | |
| 35. | For Density-Dependent and Density-Independent Limiting Factors, which are those more likely to affect the r-strategists? | Rainstorm, a sudden temperature drop | |
| 36. | giardia | diarrhea | |
| 37. | The growth of human population is affected essentially | with biology education and spiritual wisdom | |
| 38. | gymnosperms differ from angiosperms; which of the following aspects would you consider about the difference? | production of naked seeds, flowers, and fruit | |
| 39. | H1N1 stands for what? | hemagglutinin and neuraminidase |
| 40. | how did Hernando Cortexz and 600 soldiers conquer millions of the Aztec Empire warriors by smallpox virus? | Hernando’s soldiers had been exposed to the smallpox virus in Europe and the Aztec Empire warriors were susceptible to the smallpox | |
| 41. | how do carnivores obtain phosphorus? | eating herbivores | |
| 42. | How does communication contribute to animal reproduction? | a combination of these (sound, chemicals, and visual cues) | |
| 43. | how does protozoa differ from algae? | lacking cell walls and chlorophyll | |
| 44. | how do herbivores obtain phosphorus? | eating plants to obtain phosphorus | |
| 45. | how do leaves control water loss? | transpiration via stomata | |
| 46. | how do plants obtain phosphorus? | acquiring phosphorus from the water and soil | |
| 47. | how do prions differ from viruses? | prions are infectious proteins that can replicate unlike viruses that contain nucleic acids | |
| 48. | How do the producers differ between the pelagic and benthic marine exosystems? | 1. Free-moving 2. Sessile | |
| 49. | how do the seedless vascular differ from the seed-producing vascular plants in their life cycles? | the young sporophytes grow from the gametophyte | |
| 50. | how do the seedless vascular resemble the nonvascular plants in their life cycles? | fertilization depends on the presence of water | |
| 51. | how do viruses differ from bacteria and animal cells? | viruses are obligate intracellular non-living parasites | |
| 52. | How would Population Density relate to the pressure? | all above | |
| 53. | How would wars alter age distribution? | Reproductive adults decline in number | |
| 54. | identify the correct concept of ecology | Bolivar has a community of the human population, the animal populations, and plant populations | |
| 55. | if I become obese, what kinds of bacteria can be found in my intestinal flora? | more firmicutes including gram-positive clostridium, bacillus species | |
| 56. | importance of nitrogen | 1. Proteins 2. Nucleic acid |
| 57. | In a honeybee society, which of the following is not related to altruism? | Mating, laying eggs, fertilizing | |
| 58. | In a honeybee society, which of the following is related to altruism? | Caring for the larvae, collecting food, defending the hive | |
| 59. | Instinctive behavior differs from learned behavior in that the former is | Inherited | |
| 60. | Instinctive behavior involves | Stimulus and response | |
| 61. | label the life cycle stage of the flowering plant with ploidy: tetraploid | none of the above | |
| 62. | label the life cycle stage of the flowering plant with ploidy: triploid | endosperm | |
| 63. | label the stages of the pine life cycle with the correct ploidy: haploid | 1. Pollen 2. Male microspore/female megaspore | |
| 64. | the life cycle of a flowering plant includes what? | seeding, sporophyte with flower, gametophytes in the anther and the ovary, meiosis to generate microgametophytes and megagametophytes, pollination, double fertilization, embryo and seed development in fruit | |
| 65. | the life cycle of plants includes sporophyte and gametophyte generations; which matches are wrong? | 1. Sporophytes, male and female, generate gametes, sperm and eggs 2. Gametophytes create gametes by meiosis like animals | |
| 66. | Louis Pasteur tested the theory of spontaneous generation. The conclusion is… | microorganisms exist in nature | |
| 67. | Marine ecosystems | 1. Euphotic zone 2. Pelagic ecosystems 3. Benthic ecosystems 4. Estuaries 5. Abyssal ecosystems | |
| 68. | match the case with the pathogen | impetigo by streptococcus pyogenes |
| 69. | match the player with the role in the carbon cycle: consumers | heterotrophs and cellular respiration | |
| 70. | match the player with the role in the carbon cycle: decomposers | heterotrophs and decomposition | |
| 71. | Match the player with the role in the carbon cycle: Producers | Autotrophs and photosynthesis | |
| 72. | match the role with the player in the nitrogen cycle: N consuming | 1. Plants 2. Nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria | |
| 73. | match the role with the player in the nitrogen cycle: nitrogen capturing | cyanobacteria | |
| 74. | match the role with the player in the nitrogen cycle: N releasing | Denitrifying bacteria | |
| 75. | a medical team came back from West Africa where Ebola infection is endemic; a week later, a few team members had the flu-like symptoms and complained of abdominal pain and nausea- what is the potential danger? | ebola would spread | |
| 76. | A mining company plans to wipe out an area of coniferous forest to mine lithium, an element used for making batteries. Which of the following must be aware of? | the spectrum of niches for wild animals and plants | |
| 77. | the most fundamental dvision of cell types is between what? | eukaryotes and prokaryotes | |
| 78. | Navigation and migration of the animals do not depend on sun, such behaviors include | Navigation by compass in birds’ head | |
| 79. | the nonvascular plants use the following mechanisms to obtain water and nutrients | diffusion and osmosis | |
| 80. | Of the various learning types below, which one is dependent on genetic program and is irreversible? | Imprinting | |
| 81. | of trophic relationships, identify autotrophs | primary producers | |
| 82. | of trophic relationships, identify herbivore | primary consumers | |
| 83. | of trophic relationships, identify heterotrophs | primary consumers | |
| 84. | of trophic relationships, identify level 1 | primary producers | |
| 85. | of trophic relationships, identify level 2 | primary consumers | |
| 86. | of trophic relationships, identify level 3 | secondary consumers |
| 87. | of trophic relationships, identify level 4 | tertiary consumers | |
| 88. | of trophic relationships, identify level 5 | quaternary consumers | |
| 89. | of trophic relationships, identify level 6 | quinary consumers | |
| 90. | of trophic relationships, identify microorganisms | detritivores or decomposers | |
| 91. | of trophic relationships, identify plants | primary producers | |
| 92. | of trophic relationships, identify primary carnivores | secondary consumers | |
| 93. | of trophic relationships, identify quaternary carnivores | quinary consumers | |
| 94. | of trophic relationships, identify secondary carnivores | tertiary consumers | |
| 95. | of trophic relationships, identify tertiary carnivores | quaternary consumers | |
| 96. | of trophic relationships, which is not an animal? | primary producers | |
| 97. | Organism interactions in ecosystem | 1. Competition 2. Predation 3. Symbiotic relationships | |
| 98. | Pine tree life cycle | 1. Seed production 2. Alternation of sporophyte and gametophyte generations 3. Mitosis and meiosis 4. Pollination and fertilization | |
| 99. | Population distribution includes three types except | normal distribution |
| 100. | Predation on zebras in Africa by lions can lead to the zebra extinction | No, predation controls the population of the prey organisms that are weakened by sickness and infectious diseases, which can spread among the organisms | |
| 101. | the productivity of ecosystem is dependent on what? | growth of plants | |
| 102. | prokaryotes do not have what? | a nuclear membrane | |
| 103. | the prokaryotic members of the microbial world include what? | 4,5 bacteria, archaea | |
| 104. | The reproductive behavior of the following animals involves k-strategies | Elephants, humans, dogs, lions, monkeys, bears | |
| 105. | The reproductive behavior of the following animals involves r-strategies | Grasshoppers, mosquitoes, frogs, rats | |
| 106. | Seedless vascular plants (Ferns) are mostly found in | Tropical rainforest | |
| 107. | Seed-producing vascular Gymnoperms (Pine trees) are mostly found in | Boreal coniferous forest | |
| 108. | some dinoflagellates have symbiotic relationships with reef corals because? | the dinoflagellates provide food for the reef corals that in turn produce habitats for the algae to mutiply | |
| 109. | the stages of life cycle of a pine tree are what? | seeding, sporophyte growth, production of a pollen-bearing cone and an ovulate cone, meiosis to produce male microspore and female megespore, pollination, fertilization, and embryo development in the seed |
| 110. | Symbiotic relationships | 1. Parasitism 2. Commensalism 3. Mutualism | |
| 111. | Territorial behavior includes the following benefits to a group except | Keeping dominance hierarchies | |
| 112. | Territorial behavior provides the following benefits to a group | Reducing conflict and allocating resources | |
| 113. | (T/F) A community identified by its boundary | false | |
| 114. | (T/F) A community identified by its inter-dependent and stable food web | True | |
| 115. | (T/F) aerobes, anaerobes, and heterotrophs are similar because they are all bacteria | false | |
| 116. | (T/F) carrying capacity is limited by many factors | true | |
| 117. | (T/F) Ebola patients have hemorrhage from multiple sites | true | |
| 118. | (T/F) energy and mass of trophic levels look like a pyramid | true | |
| 119. | (T/F) gymnosperm seeds are the same as angiosperm seeds because both are seed | false | |
| 120. | (T/F) Habitats are the place or community in which an organism or a population lives | true | |
| 121. | (T/F) modern migration affects gene frequency | true | |
| 122. | (T/F) mycorrhizae are the associations among fungi, cyanobacterium, and the roots of plants | False | |
| 123. | (T/F) Niches are specific functional role of an organism in its community in the area within its habitat | true | |
| 124. | (T/F) normal microbiota is normal flora on the healthy persons | true | |
| 125. | (T/F) plant life cycles are similar to animals because they are both multicellular organisms | false | |
| 126. | (T/F) plant life cycles include alterations of generations | true | |
| 127. | (T/F) Population growth of K- differs from r- strategies | true | |
| 128. | (T/F) primary pathogens are the same as opportunistic pathogens because both are pathogens | false |
| 129. | (T/F) symptoms and signs of infectious diseases are due to the impairment done by the pathogens | true | |
| 130. | (T/F) the human spoiled lands can be restored to the original climax community | false | |
| 131. | (T/F) the life cycles of the nonvascular and the seedless plants differ | true | |
| 132. | (T/F) the monoculture of crops is unstable | true | |
| 133. | (T/F) the nitrogen cycle affects agriculture | true | |
| 134. | (T/F) the nitrogen cycle differs from the carbon cycle | true | |
| 135. | (T/F) the plant spores are similar to the bacterial spores | false | |
| 136. | (T/F) there is a certain end point to succession | false | |
| 137. | (T/F) there is only one way of gene flow | false | |
| 138. | (T/F) the theory of spontaneous generation was disproved | true | |
| 139. | (T/F) the vascular cambium tissue is unrelated to growth of the woody perennials | false | |
| 140. | (T/F) the vascular seedless are similar to the vascular seed-producing plants in their life cycles because both are vascular plants | false | |
| 141. | transpiration via stomata carries out the following functions except what? | regulating photosynthesis | |
| 142. | trichomonas vaginalis | sexually transmitted disease | |
| 143. | trichomonas vaginalis is a what? | parasitic flagellated protozoan, a pathogen for sexually transmitted disease | |
| 144. | trypanosomes | african sleeping sickness | |
| 145. | A typical population growth curve include the following except | the crash phase | |
| 146. | what are prokaryotic microorganisms? | some of them are unicellular without nuclei | |
| 147. | what are the reliable approaches to destroy anthrax endospore? | autoclaving | |
| 148. | What are two major types of behaviors relevant to ecology? | Instinctive and learned behaviors |
| 149. | What is a common problem in evaluating behavior scientifically? | Anthropomorphism | |
| 150. | what is also wrong about the protection of normal microbiota? | weakening host immunity | |
| 151. | what is a paramount reason for the seed-producing vascular plants to be the most successful on Earth? | pollination and fertilization of microspores and megaspores do not need water | |
| 152. | what is in common for mutualism and commensalism? | both mutualists and commensalists are normal microbiota | |
| 153. | what is not a definition about the fern life cycle? | the young sporophyte develops from the embryo in a gametophyte in seed-producing plants | |
| 154. | what is not a specialized plant part? | flowers | |
| 155. | What is succession? | A change from a monoculture land to a weed-grassland | |
| 156. | what is the active nutrient cycle involving the following except? | oil | |
| 157. | what is the activity in the hydrologic cycle that specifically involves plants? | transpiration | |
| 158. | what is the pathogen for anthrax? | bacillus anthracis | |
| 159. | what is the theory of spontaneous generation? | microorganisms can arise from non-living matter | |
| 160. | what is wrong about how pathogenic bacteria cause a disease? | interacting mutually | |
| 161. | what is wrong about Koch’s postulates? | they establish the causative relationship of infectious diseases with bacterial pathogens | |
| 162. | what is wrong about plants? | motile | |
| 163. | what is wrong about protection of normal microbiota? | they consume nutrients from the hosts | |
| 164. | what is wrong about specialized plant parts? | roots are specialized not only for absorption but for biosynthesis of glucose | |
| 165. | What leads to the exponential growth phase? | Reproductive adults | |
| 166. | what plant does not have these traits: seedlessness, vascular tissue, sporophytes, flagellated sperm swimming to the egg | mosses |
| 167. | which are aerobes or anaerobes that can live near a hotspring? | thermophiles | |
| 168. | which causes poisoning to humans and animals? | pfiesteria piscidia | |
| 169. | which does not have a flagellum? | diatoms | |
| 170. | which has a flagellum? | euglenids, dinoflagellates, pfiesteria piscidia, and chlamydomonas | |
| 171. | which is a protozoan? | flagellates, ameboid, apicomplexa, and ciliates | |
| 172. | which is correct about symbolic relationship? | commensalism, mutualism, and parasitism | |
| 173. | which is correct about the stages of an infectious disease? | incubation, illness, and convalescence | |
| 174. | which is not a protozoan? | slime and water molds | |
| 175. | which is the biotic factors about plants? | predators and pathogens | |
| 176. | Which is wrong about competition exclusion principles? | No two dogs can occupy the same niche at the same time | |
| 177. | Which is wrong about organism interactions in ecosystem? | Cooperation | |
| 178. | Which is wrong about symbiotic relationships? | Predation | |
| 179. | Which is wrong about the common features of food web? | Dependence on biotechnology for survival and renovation | |
| 180. | which is wrong about the stages of an infectious disease? | stimulation | |
| 181. | which of the following about the Life Cycle of Plasmodium vivax is wrong? | the apicomplaxan zygotes in mosquito stomach are hypoid | |
| 182. | Which of the following animals has the highest proportion of instinctive behaviors but least learned behaviors? | Sponges | |
| 183. | Which of the following are Annelida? | Leeches | |
| 184. | Which of the following are arthropods? | Mosquitoes and ticks | |
| 185. | Which of the following are nematoda? | Hookworms | |
| 186. | which of the following are not the carbon sink? | atmospheres |
| 187. | Which of the following are producers of lakes and ponds? | Elodea | |
| 188. | Which of the following are the external parasite? | Mosquitoes and ticks | |
| 189. | which of the following are the nitrogen sink? | atmospheres | |
| 190. | which of the following bacteria is likely to serve as a mutualist in human intestines? | escherichia coli | |
| 191. | Which of the following behaviors do you not mostly want in our classroom? | Habituation and instinct | |
| 192. | which of the following belongs to algae? | euglenids, red/green/brown algae, diatoms, and dinoflagellates | |
| 193. | which of the following belongs to Protista? | algae, protozoa, and fungus-like protista | |
| 194. | which of the following does not belong to algae? | fungus-like protista | |
| 195. | which of the following does not belong to gymnosperms? | oak tree | |
| 196. | which of the following does not belong to Protista? | fungi | |
| 197. | Which of the following is a climax community? | A tropical rainforest in south africa | |
| 198. | which of the following is all about organisms on Earth categorized into 3 domains? | virus | |
| 199. | which of the following is correct about host’s immune system? | innate and adaptive immunity | |
| 200. | which of the following is correct about the types of infectious diseases? | acute, chronic, latent | |
| 201. | Which of the following is not the primary purpose of animal communication? | Entertainment | |
| 202. | which of the following is the common pathogen of burn wound infection? | pseudomonas aeruginosa | |
| 203. | Which of the following is the malaria pathogen? | Plasmodium vivax | |
| 204. | which of the following is wrong about a flowering plant? | single fertilization | |
| 205. | which of the following is wrong about a pine tree life cycle? | self and cross pollination of flowers | |
| 206. | which of the following is wrong about host’s immune system? | antibiotics |
| 207. | which of the following is wrong about importance of nitrogen for life? | carbohydrates | |
| 208. | Which of the following is wrong about marine ecosystems? | Lakes and ponds | |
| 209. | which of the following is wrong about plant terminology? | herbs are annual woody plants | |
| 210. | which of the following is wrong about symbolic relationship? | capitalism | |
| 211. | which of the following is wrong about the fern life cycle? | the sperms from archegonia swim to the egg in antheridium where fertilization occurs | |
| 212. | Which of the following is wrong about the nature of communities? | A community cannot survive without human intervention | |
| 213. | which of the following is wrong about the resemblance between the seedless vascular and the non-vascular plants in their life cycles? | both are dominant gametophytes with the sporophyte in the same plants | |
| 214. | which of the following is wrong about the resemblance between the seedless vascular and the seed-producing vascular plants in their life cycles? | both are the sporophytes plants | |
| 215. | which of the following is wrong about the types of infectious diseases? | radical | |
| 216. | which of the following produces agar, an important compound for microbiological media? | red algae | |
| 217. | which of the following standards is to destroy anthrax endospore? | sterilization | |
| 218. | Which of the following would make it impossible to define sex ration in a population? | Hermaphrodite or changing of sex during life cycle | |
| 219. | Which of the following would not limit growth of a pure bacteria population? | Interaction with other species | |
| 220. | Which of these plant species does not have these traits: lacking vascular tissue and true roots or leaves but being dominant gametophyte with swimming sperm to the egg? | club mosses | |
| 221. | why are cyanobacteria called the primary producers? | photosynthesis, carbon, and nitrogen fixation | |
| 222. | why are cyanobacteria mutualistic with plants? | nitrogen fixation for plants and habitat for the bacteria |
| 223. | why are plants called autotrophs? | they are photosynthetic | |
| 224. | why do countries that have larger human populations depend on grains for food? | eating at the second trophic level (eating plants) allows for a more efficient transfer of energy | |
| 225. | Why does Koala have a narrow niche but opossum has a broad one? | Koala are herbivores feeding on a certain type of autotroph producers | |
| 226. | why do we need a flu-shot every year? | influenza virus changes its surface antigens via antigenic drift and shift so that our immune systems can not recognize it | |
| 227. | Why estuaries are important for salmon fish? | reproduction | |
| 228. | why is anthrax so terrifying? | bacillus anthracis forms air-borne endospore and produce lethal toxins when multiplying | |
| 229. | why is the biomass of the herbivore trophic level larger than that of carnivore tropic level? | the laws of thermodynamics | |
| 230. | Why is understanding of ecosystems so important when humans expend their civilization by species introduction, predator control, habitat destruction, and pesticide use? | 1. Affect the food chain 2. Drive some species to extinction 3. Endanger humans eventually | |
| 231. | wood consists of what kinds of cells? | 1. Vessel cells of xylem 2. Sieve tube of pholoem 3. Tracheid cells of xylem 4. Companion cells of phloem |