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Posted on Oct 2, 2023 in History

2nd War World CAUSES:

• 1919: Treaty of Versailles (germany lose the war)

  • Germany was very punished (economically, politically and militarily)

  • Germany tried to do revanchism

1920: Weimar Republic: 

• Unable to solve Germany’s problems (they were extremisms, nazi party, communism):

  • Economic crisis

  • Hunger 

During 1920’s; Hitler’s rise:

• 1925: Hitler did a Coup d’etat (golpe de estado) against Weimar Republic, which they failed.

1933; Hitler becomes Chancellor:

• Hindenburg: Head of state (president)

• Hitler: Head of the government (1933)

1934:

• Hidenburg dies and Hitler proclaims himself the “Fuhrer” (dictator of Germany)

1934- para alante:

• Hitler’s politics:

  • Economic growth: Big industrial development

  • Racial supremacy: Opposition against races that were not Aryan (la raza de Alemania que no eran judios)

• Increase of the military: Conscription (alistamiento para la militar)

• Expansionism: Pan-germanism (you expand your territories)

AXIS:

• Italy

  • They entered the war in 1939 because of the Fascist-Roman empire in the Mediterranean countries and Africa.

• Japan

  • Entered the war in 1941 because they want to empire the pacific, extending into China and India.

• Germany

  • Entered the war in 1939 because they wanted to unite Germany speaking people, Lebensraum (living space) in order to gain self-sufficiency and to dominate Europe and the World.

ALLIES:

• USA

  • Entered the war in 1941 because Japan attacked Pearl Harbour.

• Fance

  • Entered the war in 1939 due to the German invasion of Poland by declaring war on Germany.

• Soviet Union

  • Entered the war in 1941 because Germany break the pact and attack them.

• Great Britain

  • They entered the war in 1939 due to the German invasion of Poland by declaring war on Germany.

THEY MOST IMPORTANT CAUSES OF THESE COUNTRIES:




GERMANY:

• Nazi Germany invades Poland (1939). It marks the beginning of the war.

• French occupation → Germany defeats France

• Operation Barbarossa (1941). It was the largest military operation in history. But important because after the defeat against USSR, Germany began losing the war.

• D-day (1944)

• Allies occupy Germany (1945). The war ends. 

USA:

• Japanese attack on Pearl Harbour (1941), USA enters the war because Japan attacked a military place of USA.

• USA wins the battle of Midway (1942). One of the most important naval battles and the first important defeat of Japanese imperial army.

• USA captures Iwo Jima (1945) Japan is about to lose the war. 

• Atomic bombs (1945). USA attacks Hiroshima and Nagasaki provoking the end of the war.

FRANCE:

• Invasion of Poland (1939). France enters the war declaring the war to Germany.

• Germany defeats France (1940). The whole country is divided into two and the only chance for France is to get free with the help of other allies.

• D-day or Operation Overlord (1944). France is released and they march to Germany.

SOURCE 1

 The illustration show a crowded Germany because it suggests that Germany needs more territories.




SOURCE 2

The idea of filling rats dead bodies with explosives is because they wanted to sabotage the enemy without noticing they were attacked.




SOURCE 3

People’s lives were controlled in occupied Poland is because they implemented the curfew (toque de queda).




SOURCE 4

Rumors were so important to the Gestapo (German police)  because they wanted to obtain information ( any hint was enough to interrogate people)  and they tend to use this over physical torture because they weaken their resistance and morale.





SOURCE 5

(Considering that Britain wasn’t occupied by Germany), The picture was trying to tell British about occupation because they wanted to be aware of who the enemy was, and also to warn the society if they lost the war.




SOURCE 6

The ghettoes are described positively and negatively. Positive side: they had all the facilities to live there. Negative side: They were controlled any time by Gestapo (German police).






SOURCE 7

The objetives of carrying out resistance actions were to destroy the morale of the ennemy, as well as their economy and strategic positions.




SOURCE 8

The equipment that the resistance members were given was, false identity card, pocket money, ration card, pills.










































BACKGROUND TO THE JEWISH PROBLEM

WHAT THE ALLIES KNEW

WHAT COULD THE ALLIES HAVE DONE?

WHAT THE ALLIES ACTUALLY DID

CONSEQUENCES WAR WAR ll

SOCIAL:

• Number of deaths: 80 million people were killed during the war (because of the industrialisation and because the war lasted 2 years more than the WW1). The industrialisation increase more and they had more things to kill people, bombs for example.

• USSR (soviet union): 16 million killed (rusos muertos).

• Many cities and villages were destroyed an this destruction is more noticeable in Europe.

• Resentiment: 

  • Anti-semitism (hate against Jews) : It is a widespread (zabaldua) feeling among European countries (it wasn’t exclusively a German phenomenon). Many Jews had to emigrate to Israel because of this persecution.

• Even after the war, pro-nazism was very extended in territories that had been occupied by Germany, like Austria.

  • Women were raped by allied soldiers. (batez ere Rusia)

  • Many women were shaved for having liaisons (sex with German) with nazis.

  • Pro-nazis were sent to prison or just executed for collaborating with Germany during the war.

ECONOMIC:

• Destruction of cities and villages, which means that after the war the whole territories must be rebuilt.

  • This provoques an economic crisis, because almost all the resoruces are directed to this reconstruction (especially in Europe, because it is the continent where most battles happend)

• Because of this crisis, people in occupied countries had a lot of problems to scape from poverty.

  • People in Austria, for example, had to live with 800 calories per day. (they lose the war so they had to pay for the damages and because of that they became poor).

POLITICAL:

• The frontiers of Europe came back to their original positions before the war, but Germany gets occupied by the winners. (USA, UK, France and the Soviet union).

  • Germany is divided into four parts and each country takes one.

  • Berlin is in the part of the Soviet Union, but is also divided into four.

• Nazi officers faced a trial (Nuremberg trials) where they were blamed for the war and sent to prison or executed, depending on their involment in the war.

• USA is the winner of the war, reasons:

  • The USA didn’t get destroyed as the European countries, so their economy didn’t decrease.

  • USA helped economically Europe to get rebuild and with the interests, it became even richer.

SHORT-TERM CAUSES WW2

LONG-TERM CAUSES WW2