Human Body Systems: Respiratory, Digestive, and Urinary Functions

Posted on Sep 12, 2025 in Biology

Respiratory System Anatomy & Physiology

  • Which of the following does not distribute air? Alveolus
  • Which of the following is not a function of the respiratory system? Distributes oxygen to cells
  • The external openings to the nasal cavities can be referred to as: All of the above
  • The upper respiratory tract includes all of the following structures except the: Trachea
  • The hollow nasal cavity is separated by a midline partition called the: Septum
  • Paranasal sinuses are normally filled with: Air
  • Which of the following is not a function of the pharynx? Determines the quality of the voice
  • The anatomical division of the pharynx that is located behind the mouth, from the soft palate above to the level of the hyoid bone below, is called the: Oropharynx
  • The lower border of the cavity of the larynx is formed by the: Cricoid cartilage
  • The structure in the neck known as the Adam’s apple is the: Thyroid cartilage
  • The approximate length of the trachea, or windpipe, is: 11 cm
  • The smallest branches of the bronchial tree are: Bronchioles
  • Gas exchange, the lungs’ main and vital function, takes place in the: Alveoli
  • The divisions of the thoracic cavity include all of the following except: Respiratory cavity
  • The total number of lobes in both lungs is: 5

Digestive System Anatomy & Physiology

  • After leaving the stomach, food enters the: Small intestine
  • The longest portion of the small intestine is the: Ileum
  • Which of the following is not an anatomical part of the small intestine? Cecum
  • Which of the following structures is anatomically the longest? Ileum
  • The part of the colon that lies in the vertical position on the left side of the abdomen, extending from a point below the stomach and spleen to the level of the iliac crest, is the: Descending colon
  • The proper anatomical order for the divisions of the colon is: Ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid
  • The right angle between the transverse colon and the ascending colon is the: Hepatic flexure
  • Phagocytes lining liver sinusoids are called: Kupffer cells
  • Surgical removal of the gallbladder is called: Cholecystectomy
  • Which of the following is not a lobe of the liver? Medial lobe
  • Which of the following is not a function of the liver? Secretion of insulin
  • Which of the following organs is classified as a dual gland (both exocrine and endocrine)? Pancreas
  • The hormone glucagon is produced by: Alpha cells
  • The cells that produce insulin are known as: Beta cells
  • Which of the following is not a function of the pancreas? It produces bile
  • The right angle formed by the transverse colon and descending colon is called the: Splenic flexure
  • Which of the following is not a function of the liver? Stores bile
  • The contents of the stomach are emptied into the: Duodenum
  • The walls of the GI tract are composed of: Four layers of tissue
  • An incision into the wall of the GI tract would cut, in order, from superficial to deep: Serosa, muscularis, submucosa, and mucosa
  • The more common term for deglutition is: Swallowing
  • Which of the following structures controls the opening of the stomach into the small intestine? Pyloric sphincter

Urinary System & Fluid Balance Essentials

Urinary System Questions

  • Which of the following is (are) classified as an accessory organ of the urinary system? All of the above
  • The shape of the kidney could best be described as: Bean-shaped
  • The calyces of the kidney join together to form a large collection reservoir called the: Renal pelvis
  • How many openings are there in the urinary bladder? Three
  • The function of the urinary bladder is to: Serve as a reservoir for urine before it leaves the body and expel urine from the body, aided by the urethra
  • One difference between the male urethra and the female urethra is that the male urethra is: Part of two different body systems
  • Urine is conducted from the kidney to the urinary bladder through a tube called the: Ureter
  • Which of these statements is not true of the kidney?
    • The kidney is usually located next to the vertebrae T12 to L3
    • The kidney is retroperitoneal
    • The kidney is protected by a heavy layer of fat.
    Answer: All are true
  • Which of the following is not a normal function of the kidneys? Regulate blood sugar
  • The substance most often measured to determine normal kidney function is: Creatinine
  • The percentage of water in urine is approximately: 95%
  • Which of the following structures does not enter or leave through the hilum of the kidney? Calyx
  • A good description of the urinary system function is that it:
    • Produces urine
    • Balances blood plasma
    • Maintains the dynamic consistency of the internal fluid environment
    Answer: Does all of the above
  • What is the first branch of the segmental artery? Lobar arteries
  • Fluid in the nephron would flow through these structures in which order?
    1. Proximal tubule, loop of Henle, Bowman capsule, distal tubule, collecting duct
    2. Bowman capsule, loop of Henle, proximal tubule, distal tubule
    3. Bowman capsule, proximal tubule, loop of Henle
    Answer: None of the above are in the correct order.
  • Which structure of the kidney narrows as it exits the kidney to become the ureter? Renal pelvis
  • In young adults, the percentage of body weight composed of water will average about: 60% for males and 50% for females
  • Cerebrospinal fluid is part of the: Extracellular fluid
  • Abnormal conditions that cause fluid and electrolyte output to exceed input include all the following except: Drinking liquids too fast
  • The composition of sodium in the blood plasma is equal to: 142 mEq/L
  • What is the most abundant cation in extracellular fluid? Sodium
  • Edema is defined as: Abnormally large amounts of fluid in the intercellular spaces
  • Which body location is not one that is usually impacted by edema? Kidneys
  • The major organ that balances sodium and potassium in the body is the: Kidney
  • Which of the following is considered an extracellular fluid? Lymph, plasma, and aqueous fluid of the eye
  • Cerebrospinal fluid is part of the extracellular fluid because: It consists mainly of plasma found in blood vessels and interstitial fluids
  • The regulation of acid-base balance in the body fluids refers to the control of: Hydrogen ion concentration
  • Which of the following would have the greatest concentration of hydrogen ions? pH 2
  • Which of the following would indicate a neutral solution? pH 7
  • The most acidic substance in the body is: Stomach acid
  • A solution with a pH of 7 would contain: 10 times the number of hydrogen ions as a solution with a pH of 8
  • The pH of the blood is maintained at approximately: 7.4