Human Body Systems: Digestion, Respiration, and Coordination
Item 4: Digestion and Key Body Systems
Digestion is the process of transforming food into molecules that can be absorbed in the gut, distributed by the blood, and used by the body’s cells. This involves both mechanical and chemical processing.
FUN.NUTRICION are designed to provide the food and necessary nutrients for energy production and essential materials for maintaining life.
SIS.RESPIRATORIO, digestive, circulatory, and excretory systems work together to support bodily functions.
Blood Components and Function
Blood transports substances throughout the body via the cardiovascular system to cater to all cells.
- GLOB.ROJOS (Red Blood Cells): These cells carry oxygen through a protein called hemoglobin, which contains iron and gives blood its red color.
- GLOB.BLANCOS (White Blood Cells): These cells are responsible for the body’s defenses.
- Platelets: These are cell fragments that plug damaged vessels and help blood clot, facilitating wound healing.
Blood Clot Formation
FORMA.DE A blood: Platelets accumulate within seconds at a wound site and help form fibrin filaments. These filaments create a network in which red blood cells and platelets are trapped, forming a clot.
Excretory System
RENAL SIS.EXCRETOR: The expulsion of solid residues remaining after digestion occurs through the anus as feces.
EXCRETION: This is the process of cleansing the blood, removing waste products generated by cell activities.
SIS.RENAL: Its function is to maintain a constant composition of the blood and body fluid balance, also acting as a blood purifier.
Circulatory System
BLOOD VESSELS: Blood is always flowing. It travels throughout the body within an extensive network of over 150,000 kilometers of closed tubes called blood vessels.
HEART: The heart is a hollow muscular organ divided into two halves by a central partition. Each half contains two cavities, one above the other. The upper cavity is called the auricle, and the lower cavity is the ventricle.
LUNGS: The lungs are two elastic, spongy organs located in the thoracic cage, a flexible frame formed by the ribs, sternum, and spine.
Item 5: Role of Relationship and Coordination Systems
Relationship functions result from the joint action of coordination systems, which ensure individual survival in a changing and often hostile environment. They are responsible for capturing sensory stimuli from the internal and external environment through receptors and developing effective responses for survival.
Coordination Systems
SIS. COORDINATION: These systems are built by the nervous system and the hormonal or endocrine system, working together to control body functions, ensuring coordination among the remaining body systems. Both systems are closely related, forming a single neuroendocrine system.
Nervous System
SIS.NERVIOSO: This is a vast and complex network of neurons. Its basic component is nerve tissue, and its function is to interpret, respond to, and store information received from the outside world and the body’s internal state.
Synapses
SIPNASIS: The point of communication between two specialized neurons. It encompasses two neurons and the synaptic cleft that separates them.
Peripheral Nervous System
SIS.NERV.PERIFERICO: This consists of axons, grouped in nerves, housed outside the CNS.
Nerves
NERVES: These consist of the longest extensions of neurons, axons or nerve fibers, grouped to form bundles of neuronal axons or nerve bundles. They are bundles of neuronal axons wrapped by layers of tissue, acting as pathways through which information passes through our body.
Central Nervous System
SIS.NERV.CENT: This is the essential part of the nervous system, made up of the brain and spinal cord, where structures responsible for regulation and control are located.
Spinal Cord
SPINAL CORD: Located within the vertebral column, it communicates with the brain and is covered by a central channel filled with cerebrospinal fluid. Its functions include relaying impulses to and from the brain and serving as the center of reflex activity.
Brain
BRAIN: The most voluminous part of the brain, divided into two halves, left and right. It contains two closely related structures: the neocortex and the limbic system.
Hormonal System
SIS.ORMONAL: This system controls and regulates many of our body’s activities. It is formed by endocrine glands that produce and release chemicals called hormones into the blood or intercellular spaces, acting as messengers.
Brain (CNS)
Brain: The CNS is an organ protected by the bones of the skull. It controls and coordinates the activity of other body systems and is attached to the spinal cord by the brain stem.