Guernica: A Masterpiece of Expressionism and Symbolism
FC-> Name:
Guernica / Author:
Pablo Picasso / Date: 1937 / Client: The Government of the Republic for the Spanish Pavilion of the Paris International Exhibition. / Style:
Cubism, Surrealism, Expressionism / Ub.Original: During the Franco was at the Museum of Modern Art in New York / Ub.Actual Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofia, Madrid / Rel.Amb a whole: It was exhibited alongside other works at the Spanish Pavilion at the exhibition Paris. Emphasizes the “Mercury Fountain” with Calder’s Guernica.
/ / D-> Tènica: Oil Support: Canvas. / Size: large. / It’s a figurative painting. / Brief description: Work where we suffered the brutal shelling the town of Guernica during the Spanish Civil War.
/ / AF> Drawing / Color: predominance of drawing on Color / Color: No color because Picasso learns of the massacre by newspapers: he internalize the horror entintats expression in black, gray variety of striking a white sepulcher. / Light: Unreal, unequal distribution, illuminating the figures you want to highlight. Chiaroscuro are producing a contrast with the figures illuminated. / Brushwork: short and strong. / Axes composition: Symmetry, disorder, horizontality. The symmetry axis is shown in the white wall, in the middle of the table and the vertical pillars that represent the bull by the left side and right side for the woman who raises her arms / Line compositions: divided into triangles The most obvious is the central vertex is to the lamp, and is bounded, left by a diagonal line, and the various elements just right, as the horse’s tail and teeth. The base of this triangle is occupied by the fallen warrior. /
Perspective: Linear, we see a confluence of all the lines of the table at one point (the lamp) / pictorial Center: Light and horse plans: we can distinguish 3: In the foreground we see the fallen warrior, secondly, all other figures are in different distances between them and third, the landmarks that define the space. / anatomy and proportions: Instead of wanting to reflect the anatomy of humans and animals is based on the expression of feelings and emotions characteristic of Expressionism. The figures are not provided with reality. The author does not give importance to the clothing or anatomy. / Expression: Use as many resources as expressive deformation of bodies, the faces of the characters to highlight the brutality of the bombing, giravoltats eyes to express the horror the victims or shear profile with the languages that are similar to pieces of glass or daggers, symbols of the tragedy. / Movement: motion contrast. Instant restless and frightened by people, resting and moving sense of permanence by death.
/ Time: Short for people during the bombing run over and killed by people. / Rhythm: In their mouths open, more each image seems more terrifying than the previous / realism and sensationalism: Realistic totally want to characterize the bombing and sensationalism for the representation of pain. / detail and child elements: Much detail and many children. In addition, secondary elements such as light and dove acquire great importance in the work.
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IMCI-> Rel.Amb author’s other works: “The ladies of Avignon street,” Big Head Woman “and” crying women “/ Rel.Amb other works of the era:” The Great Masturbator “Dali, “Outside the Netherlands and” Miró and “The Prophet” / Char.style: Cubism (Looking for the total perception of objects, break with Renaissance perspective and depth (naturally) and the colors do not respect reality), surrealism (The shapes are distorted, combines in his works half figures machines half monsters, gigantic appearance and sometimes even terrifying) and Expressionism (The works express a sense of anguish as a result of the problematic situation that existed (Civil War). Picasso does not reflect the physical or anatomy of their characters, but focuses on the expression of feelings and emotions) / Innovations: A woman returning to talk more to Cubism viewer more clear and direct. / Influences: Acts of May 3 Goya, African art and “cry” in Munich for the characteristics of the expressionist style / / CII-> Genre:
war / Sign. Iconography: Presents the bombing suffered Guernica, a small town in the Basque country during the Spanish Civil War, by the German fascist aviation. It was the first modern war of indiscriminate attack on civilians and warning that approximates the Second World War. The Nazi German troops who helped Franco had as its objective in bombing terrorized the civilian population to demoralize Republicans in the Basque Country and also to test their weapons highlighting the Condor Legion. Frankie wanted to conquer the north of Spain after the defeat in Madrid. /
Sign. Iconològica: The box is designed to be read easily. Almost every frame is a symbol of something related am peace. The painter does not attend the vision of death with horror or piety, but in fact goes along with the victims suffering and wants to denounce the brutal bombing Guernica suffered. Personality: – Brau (representing the strength of the village) – Dead Child (victim no chance to defend themselves.) – Mother – child death (s beneath the bull, as if protected by him) – Columbus (representing peace broken.) – Gerar death (show a bayonet and broken the same hand as a symbol of hope to this situation carries a flower.) – Bulb (only illuminates itself. It is the allegation of manipulation of information nationals who used to believe the bombing was an action of those Republicans.) – Horse (symbolizes the people who fell in a fight that is not his.) – Women squatting – Women’s lamp (reveals the truth through the light door. Interpreted as an allegory of the Republic) – Women who call / / FIF-> Purpose: Policy for the complaint as regards the war of ideology, because it faced two ideologies, the Nazi Germany and Spain against the fascist Republicans Guernica and symbolic because it represents a cry for life and for peace. / Rel. Work with the times: It is located in the Civil War (1936 – 1939); Spain is split into two camps as a result of the political crisis of the Republic, the Republican side and the side of Franco. At the same time period is the birth of Nazism in Germany, mainly due to the humiliation and the economic crisis the country suffered a loss after the first World War.