Gizarte
Correct Wrong
a) By 1450 the Europeans had reached The Far East.
b) The Vikings probably discovered North America in the 10th century.
c) Columbus thought he had found India.
d) Magellan and Elcano discovered the Pacific.
e) Vasco de Gama found the new sea route to India.
f) Columbus was a Catalan.
g) America was named after Amerigo Vespucci an Italian navigator.
h) It took Elcano 18 months to circumnavigate the globe.
i) the compass was a Chinese invention.
compass: Was probably brought to the Mediterranean region by Arab merchants. It allowed ships to sail when land was not visible. It also made it possible to sail at night so sea voyages became quicker. This small box contained a small magnetized needle that always pointed north.
astrolabes: Sailors could calculate latitude by using this object. Like the quadrant, this instrument calculated latitude by measuring the altitude of the Sun or the pole star above the horizon.
quadrants: This established latitude by measuring the altitude of the Sun above the horizon. At night, it measured the altitude of the pole star.
a) In the early 15th century, Portugal wanted to find a new sea route to India.
b) After the Portuguese had discovered the Madeira Islands and the Azores, the sailed round the coastline of West Africa.
c) The Portuguese were the first European people to reach the Cave of good Hope.
d) The Spaniards decided to sail towards the West.
- Caravels were first built in the 15th century.
They had a small crew
All The crew had their own cabins.
The 15th and 16th century caravels could carry more cargo.
a)The set of foreign territories that Portugal and Spain each ruled over. Overseas empire
b) The agreement between Portugal and Spain dividing unexplored territories between them. Treaty of Tordesillas
c) A line dividing two areas. Demarcation or line of division
Portuguese expeditions
EXPLORERS | DATES | PLACES THEY DISCOVERED |
Diego Cão | 1419 1431 1446-1460 | They conquered Ceuta, discovered Madeira islands and the Azores, they explored the coastline of West Africa, they occupied the Cape Verde islands and sailed to the Gulf of Guinea. |
Bartolomeu Dias | 1487 | The Cape of Good Hope |
Vasco de Gama | 1498 | India |
Pedro Álvares Cabral | 1500 | Brazil |
Castilian expeditions
EXPLORERS | DATES | PLACES THEY DISCOVERED |
Christopher Columbus | 1492-1493 | He crossed the Atlantic Ocean and explored some Caribbean islands. |
1493-1496 | He explored the Lesser Antilles. | |
1498-1500 | He reached the coasts of the continent Venezuela. | |
1502-1504 | He explored the western part of the Caribbean. | |
Ferdinand Magellan and Juan Sebastián Elcano | 1519-1521 | They completed the first journey round the world and showed that the Earth was round. |
TREATY OF TORDESILLAS
The Treaty of Tordesillas was signed 1494. It was established by the Castilian and Portuguese territories to establish the line of division along a meridian about 2,000km west of Azores. They established the two areas of influence. It was agreed that all the territories east of the meridian belonged to Portugal and all the territories west of this line belonged to Castilla.
PRE COLUMBIAN AMERICA
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From Costantinople to China. It went through X,iam, Merv, Samarcand, Balkh…
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Afganistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Egypt, France, Georgia.
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They were very familiar with all of Europe and the territories around tha Mediterranean and plack seas. They also Knew about India, China and Japan. The didn’t know about most of Africa, America, Oceania and Antartica.
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They discover new places because they tried to find new routes.
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Cartography (new maps), compass, astrolabe, quadrant, log, sandglass, caravel.
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The navigator Vasco de Gama was born in Sines, Portugal, in 1469. In 1498, he became the first European to reach India by sea. His expeditions of 1502 and 1524 followed the same route. He was appointed the Portuguese Viceroy in India in 1524 but died of malaria in the same year.
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WORK WITH THE MAP
2 The coast of Africa; through the Indian Ocean to southern and eastern Asia; across the Atlantic to what is now Brazil.
3 Vasco de Gama was the first to reach India by circumnavigating Africa, sailing south through the Atlantic and past the Cape of Good Hope, through the strait of Madagascar and into the Indian Ocean.
4 Pedro Álvares Cabral discovered Brazil accidentally in 1500 when his ship sailed too far west during an Atlantic voyage.
ACTIVITIES
5 They wanted to find a route that was distinct from those used by Italian and Muslim traders in the Mediterranean. Their goal was the Asian trade in spices and silk .
6 1419: Madeira Islands. 1431: Azores. 1434: Cape Bojador. 1466: Cape Verde. 1460: Gulf of Guinea. 1482: River Congo. 1487: Cape of Good Hope. 1498: India. 1500: Brazil.
7 Portugal was a maritime trading power. It was more concerned about promoting trade than acquiring new territories.
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WORK WITH THE MAP
1 The Treaty of Tordesillas was signed by Portugal and Castilla in 1494, following Columbus’ first voyage. This established that all land west of a specific meridian (370 leagues west of the Cape Verde Islands) belonged to Castilla, while all land east of it belonged to Portugal. However, this meridian crosses Latin America. The coast of Brazil (discovered by Portugal) is east of the meridian and became Portuguese.
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4. Magellan and Elcano returned to the same place from which they had departed while always navigating towards the west.
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WORK WITH THE GRAPH
1 In 1400, following the plague known as the Black Death, there were about 45 million people in Europe. This number grew steadily over the next two centuries, reaching 70 million by 1500 and 100 million by 1600.
2 There was a period of slow but regular population growth in Europe between 100 and 1150, when it increased from 40 million to around 50 million. Europe’s population then grew more rapidly until about 1300, when it was over 70 million.However, in the 14th century, the Black Death sharply reduced Europe’s population from 75 to about 45 million.After that, there was strong demographic growth in the 15th century.
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ACTIVITIES
6 Following the demographic catastrophe of the Black Death, there were advances in farming. There was increased demand for food, and agricultural production increased as population grew. Regional and international trade also increased following the voyages of discovery, and many European cities grew into important centres of economic activity with expanding populations.
7- Middle Ages: Feudal serfdom, Poor agriculture practices, Epidemmics, Little international commerce, Smaller kingdoms.
15th century onwards: Free peasants, Improved agriculture, Improved health conditions, Stronger international trade, Maritime empires.
8 More sophisticated banking practices helped to facilitate trade and exploration through bills of exchange (allowing for interaction between distant banks) and cheques (payment orders against existing bank deposits). Large projects were often financed through trading companies that shared their profits and losses between the investors.