GEOGRAPHY

CAUSES: Long term causes:

M ilitalism, army race prepared for the war

A lliances: Otto Von Bismark (from XIX century)

                 Germany were divided: Triple entente:Frace, Russia, Great Britain

                                                        Triple alliance:Germamy, Italy, Austro-Hungarian Empire.

I mperalism, wanted more territories to get new markets.

N acionalism, many nations want to become independent.

– Psychological cause: idealizing the word by Goberments. “Love to the country, loyalty, being, brave”

– Causes belli: Assessination of Franz Ferdinand.

Europe main political power: -Politics: large empires (GB, FR, Holland)

                                               – Economic: 43% production, Germany(16%) thyssen

                                                                   USA 26% prod

                                                                   Asia 20%prod

1914

2 fronts (Both were very equilibrated, they won’t be home by xmas)

   – Western: Schlieffen plan: Germany want to get France by invading Belgium (attact France) 

   – Eastern: Russia attacks Prusia: Tannenberg Battle

1915-1916

War in the trencges: this wasn’t enough: New territories were involved.

Long + terrible but didn’t solve the problem

Everyone wants to keep enemy’s resources under control.

  – Germany: Submarines attacs comercial ships

     1916: Jutlandia Battle: Naval Battle in the norh sea

     2 fronts -western: verdum somme battle

                   – eastern: germany advences

     New front in the south: Italy joins the allies

                                           Bulgary joins the central powers

1917:

Submarine attacks: stronger, to block the allies.

    US: enters the war: zimmerman telegraph to Mexico

    Russia: stops fighting: signs brest-livstock treaty (german and Russia) (Russian revolution is taking place)

Public is very tired of war: Destruction: is happening all over Europe

1918

It took place the fast offensive

  Western front: was still alive: Germany was ready to attack again

Turkey+ Austria-Hungary + Bulgary= Surrunded by Gemany: Found itself alone: Republic of weimar started.

CONSECUENCES

1. Demographic:

10M deaths (mostly young mens) = 7.5 deaths in Europe =Birth rates decresed during the war years

Spanish influenza (1917-18) = – population gets older

Consequences in population (lost generation) -Population is getting feminizea -this makes changes on structure

2. Social economic

After the war… -european countries (Gb, Fr, Germany) were ruined due to the huge war costs.

– To solve things= ·European countries had asked for loans, especially to the USA

                              · They created inflation, because thet printed too much money

– USA became the first word power because = ·They had suffered no direct material losts

  · they had huge gold reserves    · European countries had borrowed huge amount of money.

3. Ideological consequences

– During the war, those who opposed to the war were censured, impresioned or had to exile-

– Some socialists critizised war, some other supported it dorm patriotism

– Pesimism was the general mood.   – Goverments supported the enemy through propagand.

4. Territorial consequences

Astro-Hungarian empire disappeared and new states appeared: -Checoslovaquia, Hungary, Austria, Romania becomes bigger

The treaty of versailles (1939-1945)

It was the peace treaty signed by Germany and the rest of European countries after WW1

The versailles treaty was sceen by Germany as an humiliatting treaty, and this would be later on one of the reasons for the rising of nazism and for the rising of nazism and for the outbreak of WW1.

· The german empire lost the regionof Alsace Lorraine to Freance in 1871. F (France lost)

· Great Britain, France and Italy were all members of the Triple Entente. F (France, Russia, GB)

· Bosnia-Herzegovina was controlled by the Austro-Hungarian empire after 1878. T

· North Africa was an area where European Couuntries competed for control of colonies. T

· Switzerland was a member of the T.A. F (neutral)

· GB and Germany competed in a naval arms race prior to the firsy WW. T

· Franz Ferdinand was heir to the German Empire. F Austro-H

T. A=German Empire, Italy, Austro-H.  T.E=France, GB, Russia  Neither= Spain, Denmark Ottonmark

The Allies made advances in the east and the west. 3  The US joined the allies. 2  The armistice was signed. 3  Germany invaded Belgium and France.1   The germans tried to stop Russian advances 1  The german emperor abdicated 3  Soldiers udsed treches to defend theor positions

Countries that belonged to the TA and layer became the central powers: German, Austro-Hugarian

Countries that belonged to the Triple Entente and later became the Allied Powers: United K, France, Russia

Countries that joined the central powers: bulgaria, ottoman empire

Countries that joined the Allied Powers: USA, Japan, portugal, italy, serbia, romania, greece.

· What was spain’s position during the first ww? Neutral

· When and why did Italy join the allied powers? 1915, because Italy houp get territory of Austro-H

· Which countries were involved in the dispute that started the war? Germany and Austro-H, Serbia

· Which side won the war? The allies

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WD15RS                                    Wednesday 10th November

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Furthermore = además. Whereas= mientras q For instance=x ejem As well as= además d Nevertheless=sin embargo Therefore= x lo tanto In order to= con el objetivo de Due to= debido a In spite of = a pesar de