Genetics, Diseases, and Nanotechnology: Exploring Key Concepts
Genome
The set of genes from one species is arranged on corresponding chromosomes. The height of the chromosome also corresponds (map of genes).
Gamete
A reproductive cell that has half the number of chromosomes (23 chromosomes). Eggs and sperm are gametes.
Centromere
The point where a chromosome divides into two during cell division.
Node
A crossroads of investigation.
Purist
A person who strives for perfection.
Genomic Sequence
A set of sorted genes.
Pseudonamuts
An imitation of a mammoth.
DNA
DNA is a molecule found inside the cell nucleus that contains all the information a cell needs to carry out its vital activities. It also transmits this information to future generations. However, DNA is a delicate molecule easily damaged outside the nucleus. Therefore, it requires the intervention of RNA, which can also contain and transmit genetic information. RNA is less vulnerable and translates information from DNA within the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where the information is executed.
In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)
IVF is a technique where egg fertilization by sperm occurs outside the mother’s body. It is the main treatment for infertility when other assisted reproduction methods are unsuccessful. The process involves hormonally controlling the ovulatory process, removing eggs from the mother’s ovaries, and fertilizing them with sperm in a liquid medium. The fertilized egg is then transferred to the patient’s uterus.
Cloning
Cloning is the process of creating genetically identical copies of an organism asexually.
In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)
IVF is the union of an egg and sperm outside the female genital tract, the natural site of fertilization. It is called “in vitro” because it occurs in a glass utensil. IVF is used to treat fertility problems.
World Health Organization (WHO)
The World Health Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) responsible for managing policies for disease prevention, health promotion, and intervention worldwide. It was organized at the initiative of the Economic and Social Council, which spearheaded the drafting of the first WHO charter. The first WHO meeting took place in Geneva in 1948.
Infectious Diseases
Infectious diseases are caused by contagious pathogenic microorganisms. Examples include tuberculosis, AIDS, and pneumonia.
Non-Infectious Diseases
Non-infectious diseases are not caused by pathogens and are not contagious. Examples include cancer, diabetes, arthritis, Alzheimer’s disease, and Parkinson’s disease.
Incubation Period
The incubation period is the time between exposure to a chemical, pathogen, or organism and the first appearance of signs and symptoms. This period can be as short as a few minutes or as long as 30 years, as in the case of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.
Material: Nanotechnology
This section explains nanotechnology and its potential impact on society.
Properties of Glass
The properties of glass depend on the nature of the raw materials and the product’s chemical composition. This chemical composition is often represented as percentages by weight of the oxides at room temperature. It establishes each chemical element that forms the glass.
Uses of Glass
Glass offers a freshness that PVC or PET bottles cannot replicate. It is useful for cosmetics and expensive liquors because its flat faces project a high-quality image to consumers. Glass is also used for jewelry, beverages like beer and wine, cheese spreads, pâtés, jams, and some pharmaceuticals, although the latter are increasingly packaged in plastic and cardboard. Nevertheless, glass remains difficult to replace, especially in the cosmetics and perfume market.
Material
Materials are elements grouped to be used for a specific purpose.
Nanotechnology
Nanotechnology is a branch of technology that deals with units of measurement on the nanometer scale. A nanometer is one billionth of a meter. Its impact can be positive or negative depending on its application.
Biomaterials
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