Genetics and Biotechnology: A Comprehensive Guide
Genetics and Biotechnology
Genome
The genome is the set of genes from one species. Genes are arranged on the chromosome that corresponds to it and the height of the chromosome that corresponds also (map of genes).
Gamete
A gamete is a reproductive cell that has the number of chromosomes halved. Humans have 46 chromosomes. Eggs and sperm are gametes with 23 chromosomes each.
Centromere
The centromere is the point on a chromosome where the two chromatids are joined. When a cell divides, the chromosome divides into two at the centromere.
Node
A node is a crossroads of the investigation.
Genomic Sequence
A genomic sequence is a set of genes sorted in order.
DNA
DNA is a molecule that is found inside the cell nucleus and contains all information needed by the cell to carry out their vital activity and transmits it to future generations. However, DNA is a molecule that is very delicate and easily damaged. It cannot exit the nucleus, so it requires the intervention of RNA. RNA is also able to contain and transmit genetic information but is less vulnerable and translates information from the DNA contained within the nucleus to the cytoplasm, which is where it should run such information.
In Vitro Fertilization
In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a technique by which fecundation of ova by the sperm takes place outside the realm of the mother. IVF is the main treatment for infertility when other methods of assisted reproduction have not had success. The process involves the hormonal control of the ovulatory process, removing the eggs from the ovaries of the mother to allow them to be fertilized by sperm in a liquid medium. The fertilized egg is then transferred to the patient’s uterus with the intention of implantation.
Cloning
Cloning is the process by which identical copies of an organism are obtained and developed, so it is asexual.
WHO
The World Health Organization (WHO) is the organ of the Organization of the United Nations (UN) specialized in managing policies for prevention, health promotion, and intervention worldwide. It was organized at the initiative of the Economic and Social Council that spearheaded the drafting of the first charter of WHO. The first WHO meeting was held in Geneva in 1948.
Infectious Diseases
Infectious diseases are those that are caused by pathogenic microorganisms that are contagious. Examples: Tuberculosis, AIDS, pneumonia.
Non-Infectious Diseases
Non-infectious diseases are not caused by pathogens and are not contagious. Examples: Cancer, diabetes, arthritis, Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s.
Incubation Period
The incubation period is the time between exposure to a chemical or pathogenic organism and when signs and symptoms first appear. The period can be as short as a few minutes or as long as 30 years in the case of the disease Creutzfeldt-Jakob.
Nanotechnology
Nanotechnology is a branch of technology in which units of measurement are of nanometer order: A measure of length, one thousandth of a micrometer. Its impact will be good or bad depending on the use of them.
Glass
The properties of glass are a function of both the nature of raw materials and the chemical composition of the product. This chemical composition is often represented as percentages by weight of the oxides at room temperature but establishes each of the chemical elements that form it.
Uses of Glass
Bottles made of PVC or PET do not have the same freshness of glass. Glass is useful for cosmetics and expensive liquors because the flat faces bring out the high-quality image to consumers, remembering and glass jewelry. Beverages such as beer and wine, cheese spreads, pates, jams, and some pharmaceuticals are common glass content, although the latter tend to be packed in plastic and cardboard. Even so, the glass is hard to remove, especially in the market for cosmetics and perfumes.
Biomaterials
Biomaterials are defined as biological material such as leather, wood, or anything that replaces the function of tissues or living organisms. In other words, a biomaterial is an inert substance designed to be implanted or incorporated within the living system. Examples: Synthetic leather, polymer, prostheses, tissues, organs, etc.
Coltan
Coltan is a dark metallic gray mineral. Its composition is niobium oxide, iron, magnesium, and tantalite. It is used in nature, which has gone from being regarded as mere curiosities to crucial to technological advancement due to their applications. Its properties are super electrical conductivity, magnetism, and ultrarrefractoriness. Its consequences are the environmental problem, magnetism, and it is the most polluting ultrarrefractoriness mining. There are conflicts to manage his farm and this led to war in areas where they have killed more than 4 million people. It destroys the habitat of animals and diseases. Labor is used in conditions of semi-mining without hygienic and sanitary guarantees. Coltan causes bloody conflicts because people are peeling for it.