Fuenteovejuna: A Critical Analysis of Lope de Vega’s Play
Fuenteovejuna: A Critical Analysis
Act I: Seeds of Discontent
The play begins with the arrival of the Commander, Fernán Gómez de Guzmán, and his men. The Master of the Order of Calatrava welcomes them, initiating a conversation about the recent conquest of Ciudad Real. The Commander’s character is quickly established as morally questionable, with hints of illicit behavior. Fernán Gómez emphasizes his youth and lack of experience, highlighting his dependence on the Commander’s advice. This dependence, emphasized by Lope de Vega, foreshadows the Commander’s manipulative influence over the young Master.
A pivotal scene unfolds between two women, Pascuala and Laurencia. Pascuala suggests that Laurencia should consider a relationship with the Commander, despite his reputation. Laurencia vehemently rejects the idea, asserting her refusal to be another of his conquests. This exchange reveals Laurencia’s strong moral compass and foreshadows her future defiance of the Commander’s authority.
The arrival of three villagers, Lush, Barrildo, and Mengo, introduces a debate about love. Mengo cynically argues that love is nothing more than self-love, while the others disagree. This debate adds another layer to the play’s exploration of human relationships and motivations.
Flores, one of the Commander’s men, recounts the glories of the recent war, further emphasizing the Commander’s power and influence. The Commander then speaks with the two mayors of Fuente Ovejuna, thanking them for their support. This scene highlights the Commander’s manipulative tactics, as he uses flattery and displays of power to maintain control.
A crucial turning point occurs when the Commander attempts to force himself upon Laurencia and Pascuala. This act of violence marks a significant escalation of the Commander’s tyranny and sets the stage for the villagers’ eventual rebellion.
The Catholic Monarchs are informed of the victory in Ciudad Real and send representatives to Fuente Ovejuna. This scene introduces the larger political context of the play and foreshadows the eventual intervention of the crown.
The act concludes with a confrontation between Laurencia and the Commander. Laurencia rejects his advances, and Frondoso, a villager who loves Laurencia, intervenes to protect her. The Commander is enraged by this defiance and vows revenge, further solidifying his role as the antagonist.
Act II: Growing Resistance
The second act opens with a discussion about astrology, which transitions into a conversation about the University of Salamanca. Juan Rojo arrives, complaining about the poor harvest and blaming the Commander’s mismanagement. This scene highlights the economic hardship faced by the villagers and further fuels their resentment towards the Commander.
The villagers gather to discuss the Commander’s injustices. The Commander arrives and attempts to silence their complaints, but they refuse to be intimidated. This scene demonstrates the growing courage and unity of the villagers in the face of oppression.
The act continues with further examples of the Commander’s tyranny and the villagers’ growing resistance. The play builds towards a climax, as the villagers’ anger and frustration reach a boiling point.