French Control of Spain: The Rise and Fall of José Bonaparte

Posted on May 16, 2024 in History

How did the French take control of Spain?

In 1788, Carlos IV became King of Spain, but his valido, Manuel Godoy, governed the country. At the end of the 18th century, there was a revolution in France and a republic was formed. In 1808, Godoy allowed French troops to enter Spain on their way to conquer Portugal. However, the French leader, Napoleon, deposed King Carlos IV and made his brother, José Bonaparte, King of Spain.

The Spanish War of Independence

The presence of French troops in Madrid caused a popular uprising on the 2nd of May, 1808. This was the start of the Spanish War of Independence.

How did people’s lives change?

In the 19th century, a capitalist class system emerged. The bourgeoisie owned land and factories. The middle class were merchants, civil servants, and professionals. The lower class (about 80% of the population) worked in factories, on the land, or as servants.

Rural poverty meant that many people emigrated to cities or abroad. Working conditions were hard and unsanitary. People worked long hours for little money. Labour movements to improve these conditions formed in Madrid, Barcelona, Valencia, and Andalucía.