Franco’s Regime: Transformation and Opposition in Spain
Franco’s Regime: A Historical Overview
Establishment of the New State
The Franco regime marked a significant turning point in Spanish history. It centralized power under General Franco, persecuting opposition and implementing an autarkic economic policy. The dictatorship adapted to international events over four decades, aligning with fascism during World War II, maintaining neutrality later, and gaining recognition and support during the Cold War. Economic prosperity in the 1960s coincided with the penetration of European cultural and ideological movements, leading to increased mobilization against the regime in its final years.
Characteristics of the Regime
The regime was a complex mix of military dictatorship, totalitarian or fascist state, and absolute monarchy without a king. It cannot be strictly defined as a military dictatorship, as the military did not solely rule. Nor was it a fully totalitarian regime, as the Falange party, while influential, never achieved complete control over political life. After 1945, it increasingly resembled an authoritarian system. Franco, a cunning and pragmatic leader, maintained stability by avoiding polarization within his cabinets. He concentrated power, demanding loyalty and emphasizing his leadership through symbols and propaganda.
Ideological Basis
for: the regime was cemented on abian eskemas k already widespread during the civil war: The anti-(reds). in the 50 Spain center is propaganda against the Communists, the frankismo presented to the parliamentary system as a weak regime, the attorneys in court are elected by a natural organ-denominated corporate family, the municipality and the high sindicato.Identificacion catolicismo.la jerarkia the ecclesiastical was identified with the rebellion (the cross) and support the military uprising through a cartacolectiva bishops españolesde 1937, which endorsed by the Vatican in declaring state 1937.el religiously Catholic, and takes the church’s social doctrine vaticana.la obtained substantial material benefits, economic policies as the reappearance of temples and also eclesiasticos.el domain property of the Church on social life: public masses and religious events could fiesstas ecclesiastical control over k regimen or the phalanx, by dokie Catholic symbols, absolute influence in education is enhanced instruction in private scepter religiosos.plenas powers to censure, k was constant in the media and imposed a strict Catholic moral failure to comply became the code penal.En the 50 segments of the Christian Democrats began to claim autonomy and independence, encouraging a certain commitment social.Tradicionalismo: partly derived from ideas Carlist especially military values the unit will make Tria.se lapa CONTRACTING references to empire, reconkista wing, Catholic kings alos … Franco regarded as the army was the military institution unika k could ensure the stability of political regime and chaired by preserving the unity of patria.Fraco put in place compulsory military service and militarized education or family life through the values of discipline and obedience to the law and military symbols autoridad.Los uniforms, parades, emblems … The propaganda of the regime is based on inner peace achieved.
Social bases of the regime: by the power of the army and the church, the frankismo returned to the oligarkia: recovered their businesses and properties and their domain of social life and was supported by an administrative elite blind addicts were the main beneficiaries of the interventionist economy Frankistan .. The regime had the support of the rural middle classes and support groups was low urbanos.Su among laborers and among the proletariat occurred industrial.tb k urban middle classes had largely supported the republic. opposition to the regime in its earlier stages is poko importante.La repression, fear of poverty, hunger and the moral collapse of defeat cualkier prevent reaction; internal exile. sector workers and farmers adopt an attitude of accommodation and apolitical. The repression against the enemies of the regime was absolute: tens of thousands killed, nearly three hundred thousand encarcelados.1940, cleansing to remove traces of cualkier republica.Se arxiv controlled all of the unions, Town houses and political parties is controlled by the administracion.Fueron punished personalde loss because of thousands of teachers and profesores.pudieron escape into exile were dismissed, so catedras universitarias.El lost their exile and opposition: part of the vanquished seek salvation in the most uyo exilio.la america to france then returned to Spain mexico.muxos mainly when the regime promised not to take action against those committing jubieran k delitos.Otros ended up in Nazi camps or were repatriated concetracion by Manuel Azaña alemanes.en died france, Largo Caballero, antonio maxado.españa lost the immense human capital: political cadres, workers, and economic backwardness profesionales.el exiles cultural.los will make a great intellectual and scientific contribution to the countries they k acogieron.Todos put their hopes in the allied victory in the 2nd World War, relying k victorious democracies would remove the PCE dictadura.El clandestine attempt reconstruis militancy inside and start the guerrilla tactics or the end of the regime makis.Con and entry into the UN ended the hopes of the opposition from the opposition to eexterior.1956 based on the internal dislocation k PCE retained only connection from the outside and authority to influence the underground dislocated inside the country.The opposition Social: 50: labor strikes, unions traditionally had incidents Pokka estudiantiles.los fuerza.La Collective Agreements Act of 1958 allowed k negotiate between employers and employees tranajo conditions for an entire branch of production led to a new type aprovexando labor activity from within the scope of the regime k unionism was born to actuar.asi Commission to act and a new union appeared clandestino.En university official student organizations universitario.Las Spanish union civil associations: neighborhood, cultural … The Church of distancing the regime muxos jerarkia sectors began to denounce the situation of workers helps necesitados.el elevation to the papacy was a severe kiebra between the regime and the church till pleasing k anger almost to the breaking from 1970.En 1971 the new archbishop of Madrid and Monsignor enrike Tarancon, rexazando division between winners and losers and apologizing for the role of the church against the war civl ..The political opposition: the PCE and PSOE are renewing their activity to other groups and izkierda Derex: social democracy Monark liberalism, democracy cristiana.En 1969 a group of young members of the PNV party is split and founded the ETA chose k dislocated navy to achieve national liberation vasca.En the final period of the regime’s nationalist parties PNV, Republican … izkierda promote important events. The organization of the new state: the regime was based on a series of laws and the jurisdiction of work. Law establishing the court, jurisdiction of the Spanish national referendum law, law of succession, law of the early national movement, lay the work put organic estado.Fuero: inspired the church trying to organize the world of work put wages, organization of business and property, security social.Ley constitution of courts: members elected by limited suffrage and thereafter, the union establishment, professional bodies and appointed by the Council of Spanish nacional.FueroNoles: charter of principles, duties and rights defined the regime k and national Catholicism, as well as formal recnocimeinto freedoms individuales.Ley of referendum: established universal suffrage cualkier fundamentales.Ley modification of laws of succession to the leadership of the state: Spain reino.Ley d cmo defined principles of the national movement: This law enabled the incorporation doctrine institutional d Falangist phalanx and recognition as the only Spanish traditionalist party, but without intervention in political life, so it organized the new state, whose BSES political and doctrinal movement were called nacional.desde its first government in 1938franco aunk has all the powers in practice very often being left ample freedom to its members for carrying out government policies and concreas.este different groups involved: Monark Falangists .. labor relations were controlled by the union.