Francoist Spain (1939-1975)
Franco 1939-1975
1-social and political basis of the Franco
The ‘national movement’ is the only political party there, is formed by Franco.
The pro-Franco groups called families is:
-Families institutionalized
The army are the defenders of the regime.
Its functions were the defense of territory and political crimes judged by the courts-martial.
UMD (Democratic Military Union), against the Franco regime. Were expelled from the army.
-Family of the Falange, founded by Jose Antonio Primo de Rivera, son of Miguel Primo de Rivera. It is an imitation of the Italian Fascist Party of Mussolini. Since the unification decree Falangism 37 will be the official ideology of the regime until 1950.
With the death of Primo de Rivera’s Falange Manuel Hedilla put a boss.
-Family Catholic Church
It was all in favor except Clergue Franco the Basque Country. During the Civil War, the church described it as crusade against Marxist atheism.
1941-Reinstatement filing the right to fill vacant bishop. Franco had a shortlist and then the pope chose. Spanish Bishops had representatives in the courts.
1953-‘el Concord (Spn mong treaty and Vatican) – is established as compulsory teaching of religion in all schools.
“Families do not institutionalized:
·
Royalists Pugs, were followers of Javier and when he died his son, Charles Hugo, were minority, mostly in Navarra.
·
Monarch Don Johannites, supporters of Don Juan, father of current King.
Both gave their support for Franco, but gradually lengthens pk will be critical dictatorship and monarchy fails.
Franco steps to establish a monarchy:
1967 – Choose to Don Juan Carlos as his successor
69 – Juan Carlos swears the fundamental principles of the Movement. Thus pledged to continue with the Franco regime after Franco, and time proved that it will not.
-The Carlist sector followers of Charles Hugo evolve into the left
“technocrats, most came from OPUS and Minister Lopez ejmplo pr Rodo, favored a more moderate authoritarianism. Will be the drivers of economic development 60
-Franco cigars are characterized by their unqualified commitment to Franco. As representatives: Luis Carrero Blanco. At the end of Franco will be the most intransigent group.
Ideology of Franco –
anti-Marxist authoritarianism, centralism, antiseparatismo, loyalty to Franco, Catholicism and shared vision of the need of the uprising.
3 Policy Interior
3.1 The construction of the Francoist state 1936-1959
Set 36 – Franco is elected by the national military as sole leader of the army and head of the national state.
Abril 37 – Decree of Unification “It creates the single party in the merger of the 2 games that were in favor of nationals who are the Spanish Falange and traditionalist party Jons (Carlist) the single party FET (Traditionalist Spanish Falange and the jons)
Marzo 38 – was approved labor courts, regulating labor relations. There is only a legal union – The union Vertical, they joined both employers and employees.
Until 1943, while earning the fascists in World War 2 dominate Spanish politics Falangists, much of the ministers are blue shirt, at this time was the political chief Franco’s cousin, Ramon Serrano Suner, was a supporter of the alliance with Germany and Italy. It is a time of good relations.
It is the time of the Blue Division in Russia, which fought alongside Germany against Communist Russia.
It is also the time of food rationing and the strongest repression.
When the Fascists start losing GM, Franco begins to change politics, and makes a ‘makeup’ of the regime.
42-Franco Spanish courts are created, not democratically elected and for consultation.
45-law was adopted National Referendum
47-was adopted the law of succession. Under this law after Franco monarchy, but not decided who will succeed.
57 – the law was adopted fundamental principles of movement, this Act is passed d fascist dictatorship or totalitarianism to authoritarianism but ‘soft’.
3.2 The development 1959-69
There is great economic progress that will be used by the regime to justify.
At this stage there will be a release of the regime. Minister Stresses, Pepe Solis.
1962 – It will produce contubervio Munich, met Spanish anti-Franco, Salvador Malariaga, on his return nearly all involved were arrested.
The system will reverse to the release and proof of this is the arrest and execution of communist political leader, Julian Grimau.
It creates the TOP (Court of Public Order), to judge political offenses, less than those with blood.
It is the most positive aspect is the press law, the law Fraga. Was removed prior censorship.
1969 – Prince Juan Carlos swears in the ‘movement’s fundamental principles.” In the words of ex-everything was tied up and securely tied.
3.3 End of Regime
1969-75
Set 69 – The scandal broke ‘Matesa’ that brought down ministers of 3 + a 4 which is Fraga making it public.
Matesa “Since the government gave subsidies for export of textile. But it was a fraud.
Franco put consequence of Prime Minister Carrero Blanco. Which carried out the educational reform Palasi Villar (EGB, BUP, COU)
Opening up, even established diplomatic relations with Communist countries 2: Xina and German Dem Rep
20 Dicm ETA kills 73-Carrero Blanco, the new President Carlos Arias Navarro, in his speech of 74 announced that he wanted to liberalize the regime, are opposed to this the ‘Bunker’ (frnqstas intransigent). Somewhat later there will be a bombing that killed 12 in the cafeteria persns Roland de Madrid (psibl ETA).
The Regimen returns to linia dura.
20 Lvl 75 – dies and ends on frnksm fraco