Francoism, Transition, and Globalization: Key Concepts
Francoism and the Spanish Transition
National Catholicism: The alliance between Franco’s regime and the Catholic Church. This gave legitimacy to the regime, which in turn restored the Church’s privileges.
Interview of Hendaye: A meeting between Franco and Hitler in October 1940. It raised the possibility of Spain’s direct involvement in World War II.
Referendum: A vote to ratify a state decision.
Development Pole: Sites in Spain chosen during the 1960s to locate industries, such as Huelva, Valladolid, and Vigo.
Families of the Regime: Pressure groups that supported the dictatorship.
ITEM 13
Amnesty: Cancellation of criminal liability for political crimes.
Political Reform Act: A law passed in 1976 by Franco’s courts and ratified by the Spanish people in a referendum.
Rule of Law: A state in which all institutions and inhabitants are subordinated to a higher law, which is its Constitution and the laws emanating from it.
23-F: Refers to the day in February 1981 when a group of soldiers attempted a coup, aiming to stop the establishment of democracy.
Platajunta: The name given to the union, in 1976, of groups opposing the dictatorship.
Moncloa Pacts: Agreements signed in 1977 between the government, political parties, employers, and unions, covering political, economic, and labor matters.
Constitutional Court: The supreme interpreter of the Constitution.
ITEM 14
ICT: Information and Communication Technology.
Failed States: States that have failed to settle and exist in a climate of civil war and continuous insecurity.
Non-governmental Organizations (NGOs): Organizations that assume functions for humanitarian purposes, formerly reserved to the State, and outside the control of any government.
Clash of Civilizations: In the twenty-first century, world conflicts are not between developed nation-states, as in the preceding two centuries, but between large areas that share a similar cultural tradition.
Ethnic Cleansing: The expulsion of inhabitants considered undesirable due to their religion or language from disputed regions, to achieve greater population homogeneity instead of building multiethnic states that guarantee the rights of all citizens.
Velvet Revolution: The transition of other communist regimes, whether democratic or authoritarian, was carried out very differently in different countries.
Refugee: Someone who has had to flee their country following a war or persecution based on race, religion, nationality, or political ideology.
CIS (Commonwealth of Independent States): Organization formed by the former Soviet republics except for Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania.
Islamic Fundamentalism: Fundamentalism, originally promoted by Western countries in the final years of the Cold War to undermine Communist influence in the area, has become the main terrorist threat to America and its allies.
Taliban: A fundamentalist group formed by students of fundamentalist Islam, which aims to impose Islamic law in political, social, and legal spheres.
Lobby: A pressure group that exerts political influence indirectly, through parties or factions it supports and finances.
ITEM 15
Global Village: This term emerged in the 1960s to describe the society that mass media, like television and satellite communications, were creating.
Globalization: From an economic standpoint, it is defined as the process by which companies, markets, and all economic activities, in general, tend to expand beyond a country’s borders, reaching global dimensions.
Relocation: A phenomenon linked to the globalization process is the transfer of production from a developed country to a developing one.
Acculturation: The adoption by a group of people of other cultural elements, to the point that the original customs disappear.