Female Reproductive System: Ovarian Structure and Function

Posted on Nov 15, 2023 in Biology

SIST. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE: Ovarian


  • Stroma: the outside of the ovary (bark)
  • Spinal: inner
  • Follicles: structure, rounded with follicular fluid contain Colloids (within the stroma)
  • Are released over 450 eggs during the reproductive stage
  • Hypothalamo-GnRH (inhibitor of gonads) – Pituitary-FSH-LH-follicle development – ovulation

FOLLICLES

  • F. Primordial: (1 layer cel.foliculares without liquid foli)
  • F. Primary: (1 layer cel.c / liquid)
  • F. Primatio multilayer (3 layers of cell.)
  • F.de Graff (release the egg)

Zona pellucida

  • glycoproteins (ZP1-ZP2-ZP3) has microvilli x where communication, feeding the oocyte

Liq.Folicular

  • Glucosaminoglisos, Proteoglycans, Progesterone, Estradiol, and so on

Corpus luteum

  • progesterone produces (causes the uterus to prepare)
  • Remnant of Graafian F., temporary endocrine gland
  • Cel.Granulares lutein (progesterone)
  • Cel.de internal Teak (Progesterone-Estrogen-Androgen)
  • Pregnancy corpus luteum secretes progesterone for 3 months

OVULATION

  • 10 to 16 after 1 day of menstruation
  • F.deGraff produce estrogen and lead to reduction of FSH and LH surge (which makes the egg is released)

Atretic follicles

  • only 1 mature follicle per month, the remaining macrophages phagocytose x

Oviduct

  • fertilizes the oocyte acts as a conduit and transporting the fertilized egg, fertilization occurs here has less lumen and + villi

Uterus

  • it has 3 layers adventitia, myometrium, endometrium
  • Myometrium: this present stage dependent contractions in childbirth, menstruation and actv.sexual
  • Endometrium: produces HCG, has 2 layers and Functional Baseline (lost in menstruation, nourishes the zygote)
  • Period Menstrual lost endometrial functional layer, the corpus luteum becomes white body
  • Phase Poliferativa: renewing the functional layer of the endometrium and luminal epithelium
  • Phase Estrogen: occurs during ovulation, the follicle mature
  • Secretory Phase: After ovulation and glycogen-rich material form
  • Prolactin activates the secretion of milk, Oxytocin starts the expulsion of milk

SIST. MALE sperm.

  • Head: is pear-shaped oval, measures 5um long and 3um wide, his head is the nucleus (containing condensed chromatin)
  • Acrosome: contains enzymes such as acrosina important in fertilization, the acrosome covers much of the core
  • Neck: is short, contains 9 columns segmented (1um.)
  • Tail: measuring 55um long and consists of 4 sections, the neck, midpiece, principal piece and end piece

Blastocyst

  • formed by the embryoblast and tropoblasto / zona pellucida has not / can not implement

Bilaminar embryo

  • with Epiblast and Ipoblasto w / 2 layers

Embryo trilaminar

  • 1 day late, they invaginate cel. Epiblast of the primitive streak appears and forms the new layer (mesoderm), initially formed 3 layers Ecto, Meso, Endo

8 DAYS

  • amniotic cavity is formed

9 DAYS

  • Primary Yolk sac appears, the blastocyst is within the endometrium
  • Space is closed for this implanted, the closed area “Stamp Closure”

10 DAYS

  • fully deployed to 10days
  • The blood vessels of the mother to the embryo does not have endothelium and are called “Stamp Closure”
  • HCG: the corpus luteum remains active or luteo, q stimulates the pituitary to release FSH and LH

12 DAYS

  • closing the cap disappears, the uterine sac splits (smaller)
  • Yolk Sac: selectively transferring nutrients to the embryo, the source zone cel.germinales paramount

14 DAYS

  • chorion appears where it implants / / embryo totally shocked / / yolk sac chorion split / / is completely shut down the “Stamp Closure”
  • Red Lacunar after the “placenta”

Week 3

  • initiation of morphogenesis, (1st Day of Menstrual RETAS)
  • Primitive Streak: Shape embryonic mesoderm
  • Is defined midline embryonic required for neural differentiation
  • Disappears (4 º -5 º) The remains of this gives rise to “Sacrococcygeal teratoma (tumor)

Ectoderm

  • forms the epidermis, neural tube (sist. Nervous)

Notochord

  • Cylinder cel. Mesoderm extends along the midline of the embryo

Neurulation

  • The notochord inductive signals to the ectoderm (neural plate) for q in cell differentiation begins. “Neural precursor.” Then …
  • During this process the midline thickens and forms the neural plate
  • The plate is folded upon itself and form the neural groove and neural crest
  • The edges of the plate Neural fold and neural tube closes

23 DAYS

  • We begin to close the “Poles Surface” at the cervical level (somites) and caudal cerebral poles are not closed
  • Spinal Ganglion: results from the neural crest
  • Close the Pipe Cord: not simultaneous, begins in the cervical region of the embryo progresses caudally, the tube belongs to temporarily open the amniotic cavity

24 Days

  • The neural and cranial pole are open

25 days

  • closing the “Brain Neuropolo” or head is the first to close
  • Two days later Day 27 is closed “Neuropolo flow.

26 DAYS

  • pharyngeal arches are 3 / 4 DIA 28 there pharyngeal arches, heart ventricle and atrium is

NEUROPOLOS DEFECT CLOSING

  • Meningocele: this happens if you close the caudal pole, Problems column is exposed to the outside
  • Anencephaly: Absence of the cranial vault and brain / / skull formation poor in some stretches at cervical level
  • Hydrocephalus: pathology related to the development of spina bifida with Meningomyelocele. / / Plugging the sist. Ventricular or diseases caused subaragnoideo space like this
  • Somites: according to the number of somites is age. (Soma = body)
  • DIA begins to form the paraxial mesoderm 20 par. On each side of the neural tube at the end of the 5th week 44 pairs

2 MONTHS

  • Stages of embryonic development in the organogenic period
  • Growth: cell divisions
  • Morfogenea: development of shape, size and other characteristics of oregano
  • Differentiation: maturation of organs able to perform specific functions
  • 42 days: nasal fovea appears 11m.m size, with aparéese hand fingerings
  • 48 Days: 16mm size, longish body, presents tips
  • 52 days: Appears elbow, knee, there is still little tail
  • 56 Days: the tail disappears, size 30mm, people issues, are not genitalia, bulging gut cordon
  • ORGANOGENESIS: malformations are produced here
  • Elements teratogen: alcohol, cigarettes
  • Elements of defects: defects in the fetus is born, is inherited as genetic or environmental in utero
  • Germ layers:
  • Ectoderm: CNS, PNS, sensory epithelia of the eye (retina), ear, nose, skin, hair, nails, g.mamarias, pituitary, g.subcutaneas, dental enamel
  • Mesoderm: Tej.conjuntivo, cartilage, bone, and striated m.liso, heart, blood vessels, kidneys, gonads, genital tract, pericardium, pleura, peritoneum, spleen, and bark, G. adrenal
  • Endoderm: Epithelial lining of the gastrointestinal tract, and respiratory, tonsils, G. Thyroid and parathyroid
  • Placenta: Formed by chorionic villi
  • Chorionic villi: Passing the forty weeks villi die and fail the O2 to the fetus
  • Exchange of CO2 – O2 and residues, hormones can not cross the placenta
  • Viruses: cross the placenta / rubella, smallpox, chickenpox, measles and poleomelitis (death or birth defects)
  • ESTIMATE OF THE AGE OF EMBRYO
  • Gestational age is counted from the 1st day of last normal menstrual period (LMP)
  • Embryonic Age: Begins after fertilization, two weeks after LMP
  • Age conceptional: when you know the actual date of conception (chorionic cavity size to estimate the date of conception) Estimated fetal age:
  • LVC: length vertex – cortex
  • Fetal head circumference – diameter Biparietal
  • Femoral length / abdominal circumference / length of foot