Exploring the Universe: From the Big Bang to Exoplanets
1.1 the observable universe:
It is a gap in the floating galaxies in each galaxy there are thousands of stars, planets and nebulae in the cosmos formula is 70 hydrogen, 20 helium i 5 the other elements
1.2 The dark matter:
Gas and dust of the universe subject to greater gravitational attractions qe matter we can detect. 10 xcinto galaxies in the universe, dark matter 90 remaining, i Propertys unknown composition and does not emit radiation.
3.A universe in motion, not a atonomo permance everything is still moving and often revolves kon. In a agalactia stars revolve around the nucleus and the satellites around the planets around these stars.
3.1 a force of gravitation law of gravitation: the bodies are attracted to the closer and larger mass, Isaac Newton. The attraction operates at all scales
3.2 The black holes they have the greatest gravitational pull, are concentrations of high density material. We know your xsistencia x x radiation emitted by accelerating matter before falling into the gravity well. Almost all galaxies have a black hole at its center, the Milky Way is called Sagittarius A. The end of life of other stars form black holes less massive drop few more bodies in the greater its mass and gravitational attraction. For these young stars decreases very rapidamnete attraction kon distance.
4of the big rip big bang, the universe originated 13700millones years ago with the explosion of the big bang.
4.1como the idea the big bang: in the early astronomers sXX descubrieronqe qe spectrum lines coming from the galaxies we appeared displaced, this meant qe galaxies are moving apart (Doppler effect: when an object radiating as it moves are distorted if the issuer about the wave comprimesi stretches away). Knowing this came the big bang theory, galaxies are moving away if it is conceivable that initially all matter was concentrated in an area pekeña.
4.2la confirmation of the big bang: Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson in 1964 found that very weak radiation coming from all points of the universe to a commercial antenna that worked, was weak and called cosmic background radiation. This radiation was the echo of the big bang.
4.3 The Big Bang and the history of the universe stages 1etapa inflation, the universe expanded Supercomprimido growing at an enormous speed. Temperature 10 ^ 27 degrees 2Further of matter: the universe is made up of subatomic partikulas bathed in energy (photons). On cooling these particles were formed neutrons and protons-3The first atoms: about 300mil years after the big bang theory of atoms formed from H and He-4encendido the universe: the charged particles and photons involved with the agreed among them the light could travel freely, did the cosmic background radiation-5la formation of stars and galaxies: 400mill years after the big bang ligeramnte dense areas became centers of gravity around them formed stars and planets and nebulae after galaxies poko-6 dark energy: 9000 million years after the big bang galaxies begin to travel at higher speeds, the cause was cre qe is a dark energy that acts against the gravitational pull, this is the greatest secret of the universe
5origen of elemntos: the stars are elemmtos Quimika new factories, the sun produces Tone 695mill. Of He from H, older stars produce C, Si, Al or Fe, the rest of elemtos originate in supernovae.
6.1 The origin of the Sun: 4570mill years ago in one arm of a galaxy, a cloud of gas and dust began to contract, this nebula is later turned into the sun and its planets.Stages: 1explota a supernova – 2 of the supernova explosion generates a shock wave – the shock wave approaches the nebula – 4 the shock wave from this explosion compresses the cloud, which collapses – 5 particles clashed among them the center of the nebula was hot, the H nuclear move far too quickly and I merge manufacturing and releasing energy.
6.2formacion of the planets: 1hace 4570mill the nebula collapses and becomes a disco – 2 the disk is hotter in the center because there are more light elements particles migrate to the outside – 3 in each area of the disk grows attracting a planet nearby field – 4 in the inner regions of the disk that formed xokan pekeños bodies giving rise to planets – 5 with the excess material formed known satellites except the Moon.
not all planets are equal-the outer planets (giant) were formed from gas-interiors (land) from rock and metal
8.1descubrimiento of exoplanets:
Plantetaris systems different from ours with giant planets very close to the star, it is believed these have migrated from distant orbits, these are called super-Earths, bodies with mass greater than those of our planet.
Den life 8.2condiciones planets: 1LA distance from the planet to the star, in very close or distant planets have no water – sufficient gravity to retain 2una atmosphere – 3 a metallic core melt, the core generates a magnetic field that protects the planet of X and Gamma radiation from the star – 4 the presence of a large satellite to avoid a large inclination of the axis of rotation of the planet – 5 lifetime of the star, you need a time for life evolve – 6 giant planets close to diverting asteroids progid to other planets – 7situacion within the Milky Way, away from the explosions of supernovae and their radioactivity
9LA celestial sphere:
The moon, stars and planets move from east to west due to Earth’s rotation, two factors that determine the stars that we see every night: 1 the time of year, 2 to latitude.