Evolution of Indian Education System: Key Recommendations from Sadler Commission, Woods Despatch, and Indian Education Commission
Posted on May 13, 2024 in Social sciences
Recommendations of Sadler Commission on Higher Education (1917)
University Education
- Separate intermediate class from university
- Three-year degree course
- Unitary teaching institutes instead of affiliating authorities
Model University
- Establish a university in Dacca
Teaching University
- Start a teaching university in Calcutta
Development of Mufussil Colleges
- Develop mufussil colleges to foster new universities
Flexibility and Autonomy
- Make university rules and regulations flexible and free from official control
Honors Courses
- Provide honors courses at universities for brilliant students
Faculty Appointments
- Appoint professors and readers through a special selection committee with external experts
Physical Well-being
- Appoint a director of physical training for student well-being
Governance Structure
- Form a representative court, executive council, and academic council
Muslim Students
- Provide facilities for Muslim students to pursue higher studies
Key Recommendations of Woods Despatch (1854)
Department of Education
- Establish a Department of Education in Bengal, Madras, Bombay, Punjab, and North West Frontier Provinces
Universities
- Establish universities in Calcutta, Bombay, and Madras
Grant-in-Aid System
- Introduce grant-in-aid system for privately managed institutions
Training Institutions
- Establish training institutions in all provinces
Mass Education
Professional Education
- Promote professional and vocational education
Recommendations of Indian Education Commission on Primary Education (1882)
Policy
- Make primary education useful for general life
- Use vernacular languages as the medium of instruction
- Extend primary education in backward districts
- Teach subjects that enable students to be self-reliant
Curriculum
- Adapt curriculum to the environment and simplify it
- Introduce practical subjects like Indian arithmetic and accounts
- Allow school managers to choose textbooks
- Provide instruction in the mother tongue
Finance
- Utilize local funds exclusively for primary education
- Provide financial assistance from provincial governments
Teacher Training
- Train teachers to improve the quality of primary education
Aims and Objectives of Secondary Education
Democratic Citizenship
- Develop independent judgment and decision-making skills
- Foster a sense of responsibility and belonging
Vocational Efficiency
- Enhance productive, technical, and vocational skills
- Promote a scientific attitude and appreciation for labor
Personality Development
- Release creative energy and appreciate cultural heritage
- Cultivate interests for lifelong learning and personal growth
